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      The investigative cycle

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can solve a problem by implementing the steps of the investigative cycle on a data set.

      Key learning points

      1. The PPDAC cycle is a framework that can be followed when asking and answering real-world problems using data.
      2. A correlation shows that there is a relationship between two or more variables.
      3. A correlation doesn't guarantee that one variable causes the other.
      4. Data that sits outside a trend is known as an outlier.

      Keywords

      • PPDAC - a framework for us to follow when asking and answering real-world problems using data

      • Correlation - a correlation simply measures how two things move together

      • Outlier - a data point that significantly differs from the rest of the data in a data set

      Common misconception

      A positive correlation means one variable has an impact on another.

      Just because there is a correlation, it doesn’t necessarily mean that one things causes another to increase.

      Teacher tip

      To help demonstrate the visualisation tool, a teacher demo video is provided as an additional resource for this lesson.

      Equipment

      Pupils will need access to a device that can access the website Codap for activities in this lesson https://oak.link/codap

      File needed for this lesson

      A3 Resource - Teacher support video 20.31 MB (MP4)

      Download this file to use in the lesson.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which change has made it easier to work with massive amounts of data?

      Correct answer: Technology has improved.
      Fewer people use computers.
      Less data is available.
      People have stopped collecting data.

      Q2.
      What is the main reason to use a large data set when testing a prediction?

      It’s quicker to type.
      Correct answer: It makes results more reliable.
      It is less work.
      It is more fun.

      Q3.
      What is the term for a factor you use to judge or make a decision when analysing information?

      Correct Answer: criteria, Criterion

      Q4.
      Match each activity with its purpose:

      Correct Answer:collecting data,to gather information

      to gather information

      Correct Answer:analysing data,to look for patterns

      to look for patterns

      Correct Answer:making a prediction,to guess an outcome

      to guess an outcome

      Correct Answer:using criteria,to judge results

      to judge results

      Q5.
      Which of these is NOT a use of data visualisation?

      to make information clearer
      to show patterns
      to help support an argument
      Correct answer: to confuse the audience

      Q6.
      What is one advantage of using visualisation tools with data?

      They make data less accurate.
      They are only for experts.
      Correct answer: They help you see trends quickly.
      They remove the need for analysis.

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Put these actions in order when investigating a real-world problem with data:

      1 - decide what you want to find out
      2 - plan how to collect information
      3 - collect data
      4 - study the data
      5 - make a recommendation

      Q2.
      What is the term for a data point that is very different from the others in a data set?

      Correct Answer: outlier

      Q3.
      When might you use the PPDAC cycle?

      when writing a poem
      when drawing a picture
      when memorising keywords
      Correct answer: when solving a problem with data

      Q4.
      What is the term for a relationship where two variables move together, but one does not necessarily cause the other?

      Correct Answer: correlation

      Q5.
      If two variables show a positive correlation, what does this mean?

      Correct answer: The variables move together, but one may not cause the other.
      One variable definitely causes the other.
      The variables always increase at the same rate.
      There is no relationship between the variables.

      Q6.
      If you see a correlation between two variables, what should you do before concluding that one causes the other?

      assume one causes the other
      Correct answer: look for more evidence
      ignore the data
      change the data

      To help you plan your 9 computing lesson on: The investigative cycle, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...