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      The cost of cyber crime and hacker motivation

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe hacker motivations and the costs of cybercrime

      Key learning points

      1. Cybercrime causes financial loss to individuals, businesses, and governments.
      2. Cyber attacks can stop essential services and impact public safety.
      3. Hackers are motivated by a range of factors.
      4. Cybercrime affects society as a whole, creating fear, reducing trust in digital systems and impacting mental well-being.

      Keywords

      • Cybercrime - any illegal activity that involves a computer, network, or digital device

      • Hacker - someone who uses their computer skills to access systems or networks, sometimes to fix problems, and sometimes to cause harm

      • Society - a group of people who live together in a community and follow shared rules, values, and systems

      • Malicious - something that is done on purpose to harm, damage, or hurt someone or something

      Common misconception

      All hackers are criminals trying to steal or destroy data.

      Not all hackers are malicious. There are different types of hackers such as white hat ethical hackers, grey hat hackers who may break rules but not for personal gain and black hat hackers who are malicious hackers who exploit systems illegally.

      Teacher tip

      Use a short, engaging news video or real world examples of cybercrime (e.g. the WannaCry ransomware attack) to show the financial and emotional impact of cybercrime. Then, guide students in identifying who the victims were, what was lost, and what might have motivated the attacker.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is the primary goal of cybersecurity?

      to monitor social media accounts
      to create computer viruses
      Correct answer: to protect computer systems from threats
      to increase internet speed

      Q2.
      Which of the following is an example of a cyberattack?

      Correct answer: a ransomware attack
      installing antivirus software
      updating passwords
      using a firewall

      Q3.
      What does a firewall do?

      blocks access to the internet
      detects hardware issues
      increases computer speed
      Correct answer: monitors and controls network communications

      Q4.
      Which of the following is an example of personal data?

      a random password
      Correct answer: your home address
      a firewall setting
      a computer’s IP address

      Q5.
      Why is training users important in cybersecurity?

      Correct answer: It helps users identify and avoid security risks.
      It speeds up network communication.
      It reduces the cost of antivirus software.
      It eliminates the need for firewalls.

      Q6.
      What can make computer systems more secure?

      using only one type of protection
      ignoring cybersecurity training
      Correct answer: combining multiple protective measures
      avoiding software updates

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match each term with its definition:

      Correct Answer:cybercrime,any illegal activity involving a computer or network

      any illegal activity involving a computer or network

      Correct Answer:hacker,someone who uses computer skills to access systems

      someone who uses computer skills to access systems

      Correct Answer:malicious,done on purpose to harm or damage

      done on purpose to harm or damage

      Correct Answer:society,a group of people following shared rules and values

      a group of people following shared rules and values

      Q2.
      What is one financial cost of cybercrime?

      Correct answer: monetary losses due to data breaches
      increased trust in digital systems
      improved public safety
      reduced cybersecurity training costs

      Q3.
      Which of the following is an effect of cybercrime on society?

      increased trust in digital systems
      reduced fear of technology
      Correct answer: creation of fear and reduced trust in digital systems
      improved mental well-being

      Q4.
      What motivates hackers?

      only financial gain
      only the desire to cause harm
      only the desire to fix problems
      Correct answer: a range of factors, including curiosity, financial gain and activism

      Q5.
      Which type of hacker is considered ethical?

      Correct answer: white hat
      grey hat
      black hat

      Q6.
      What does a grey hat hacker do?

      They exploit systems for personal gain.
      They fix problems ethically.
      Correct answer: They break rules without causing harm.
      They create malware.

      To help you plan your 11 computer science lesson on: The cost of cyber crime and hacker motivation, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...