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Lesson 4 of 8
  • Year 8

Testing working properties of materials

I can test the working properties of materials.

Lesson 4 of 8
New
New
  • Year 8

Testing working properties of materials

I can test the working properties of materials.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Hardness is a material's ability to resist scratching and indentation.
  2. Vickers and Brinell are industrial hardness tests.
  3. The Vickers and Brinell tests measure hardness by pressing an indenter into the material and observing the mark left.
  4. A hardness test can be simulated in a workshop using a centre punch and a hammer.
  5. Hardness can be tested by scratching the surface of a material with a scribe.

Keywords

  • Hardness - ability to resist scratching and indentation

  • Indenter - a tool or object pressed into a material’s surface during a hardness test

  • Vickers - an industrial hardness test that uses a diamond-shaped pyramid indenter

  • Brinell - an industrial hardness test that uses a steel or tungsten carbide ball indenter

Common misconception

Hardness testing is destructive.

Although an indentation is left in the test piece, hardness testing is less destructive than many other working property tests, such as tensile testing.


To help you plan your year 8 design and technology lesson on: Testing working properties of materials, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

Limit pupils to a few materials when testing to reduce material waste.
Teacher tip

Equipment

See additional materials.

Content guidance

  • Risk assessment required - equipment

Supervision

Adult supervision required

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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Prior knowledge starter quiz

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6 Questions

Q1.
Working properties are the way in which a material responds to an external or certain environment.

Correct Answer: force, load

Q2.
Identify the environmental conditions that can act on materials.

Correct answer: UV light
Correct answer: heat
impact from a hammer
electricity passing though

Q3.
The physical property of strength includes torsional, tensile and __________.

squeeze
spring
Correct answer: compressive

Q4.
Which of the following is a working (mechanical) property of a material?

copper has a reddish-brown colour
Correct answer: rubber can stretch and return to its original shape
glass is transparent
steel has a high density

Q5.
Select the appropriate working properties that need to be considered for a car tyre.

Correct answer: toughness
conductivity
Correct answer: mouldability
colour

Q6.
What is the definition of ductility?

Correct answer: can be drawn into a thin wire without snapping
resistant to scratches
bends without breaking
absorbs impact without breaking

Assessment exit quiz

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4 Questions

Q1.
Which is the correct definition for hardness?

the ability to absorb impact without breaking
the ability to be bent without breaking
Correct answer: the ability to resist scratching and indentation
the ability to draw out without breaking

Q2.
Hardness tests are conducted for...

Correct answer: quality control
testing a material's physical properties
Correct answer: testing a material’s working properties
Correct answer: testing heat treatment

Q3.
The Vickers hardness test uses which type of indenter?

Correct answer: diamond-shaped pyramid
ball-shaped
cone-shaped
pin-shaped

Q4.
Why is it important to apply the same load when testing material hardness?

Correct answer: so the results are consistent and can be compared accurately
so the material automatically becomes harder under more load
so the material remains still when testing

Additional material

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