Choose exam board for KS4 Computer Science (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 English
Choose exam board for KS4 French
Choose exam board for KS4 Geography
Choose exam board for KS4 German
Choose exam board for KS4 History
Choose tier for KS4 Maths
Choose exam board for KS4 Music
Choose exam board for KS4 Physical education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Religious education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Spanish

      Testing working properties of materials

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can test the working properties of materials.

      Key learning points

      1. Hardness is a material's ability to resist scratching and indentation.
      2. Vickers and Brinell are industrial hardness tests.
      3. The Vickers and Brinell tests measure hardness by pressing an indenter into the material and observing the mark left.
      4. A hardness test can be simulated in a workshop using a centre punch and a hammer.
      5. Hardness can be tested by scratching the surface of a material with a scribe.

      Keywords

      • Hardness - ability to resist scratching and indentation

      • Indenter - a tool or object pressed into a material’s surface during a hardness test

      • Vickers - an industrial hardness test that uses a diamond-shaped pyramid indenter

      • Brinell - an industrial hardness test that uses a steel or tungsten carbide ball indenter

      Common misconception

      Hardness testing is destructive.

      Although an indentation is left in the test piece, hardness testing is less destructive than many other working property tests, such as tensile testing.

      Teacher tip

      Limit pupils to a few materials when testing to reduce material waste.

      Equipment

      See additional materials.

      Content guidance

      Risk assessment required - equipment

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

      Loading...

      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Working properties are the way in which a material responds to an external or certain environment.

      Correct Answer: force, load

      Q2.
      Identify the environmental conditions that can act on materials.

      Correct answer: UV light
      Correct answer: heat
      impact from a hammer
      electricity passing though

      Q3.
      The physical property of strength includes torsional, tensile and __________.

      squeeze
      spring
      Correct answer: compressive

      Q4.
      Which of the following is a working (mechanical) property of a material?

      copper has a reddish-brown colour
      Correct answer: rubber can stretch and return to its original shape
      glass is transparent
      steel has a high density

      Q5.
      Select the appropriate working properties that need to be considered for a car tyre.

      Correct answer: toughness
      conductivity
      Correct answer: mouldability
      colour

      Q6.
      What is the definition of ductility?

      Correct answer: can be drawn into a thin wire without snapping
      resistant to scratches
      bends without breaking
      absorbs impact without breaking

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      Which is the correct definition for hardness?

      the ability to absorb impact without breaking
      the ability to be bent without breaking
      Correct answer: the ability to resist scratching and indentation
      the ability to draw out without breaking

      Q2.
      Hardness tests are conducted for...

      Correct answer: quality control
      testing a material's physical properties
      Correct answer: testing a material’s working properties
      Correct answer: testing heat treatment

      Q3.
      The Vickers hardness test uses which type of indenter?

      Correct answer: diamond-shaped pyramid
      ball-shaped
      cone-shaped
      pin-shaped

      Q4.
      Why is it important to apply the same load when testing material hardness?

      Correct answer: so the results are consistent and can be compared accurately
      so the material automatically becomes harder under more load
      so the material remains still when testing

      To help you plan your 8 design and technology lesson on: Testing working properties of materials, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...