New
New
Year 8

Challenges of living in cities

I can explain the challenges that people living in cities face.

New
New
Year 8

Challenges of living in cities

I can explain the challenges that people living in cities face.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. The high cost of land can lead to overcrowding.
  2. Pollution (air, water, noise) is a major urban issue.
  3. The growth of cities may be faster than the growth of services.
  4. Urban growth and traffic congestion hampers life in cities.
  5. The poorest people may be vulnerable to environmental hazards due to the location of informal housing, e.g. landslides.

Keywords

  • Overcrowding - too many people living in a small space

  • Pollution - harmful substances in air, water, or sound

  • Infrastructure - all the basic systems in a country, such as transport networks and power supply

  • Informal settlement - district or urban area created without official planning or support; often homes are self-built and infrastructure may not work well

Common misconception

Services grow at the same pace as population in cities.

When the population of a city grows rapidly, often the growth of services is slower. In the twenty-first century this is particularly the case in rapidly developing countries, where lots of people arrive into cities each year.


To help you plan your year 8 geography lesson on: Challenges of living in cities, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

Use real-world examples that students can relate to. Link challenges to students' own experiences (e.g., being stuck in traffic, seeing litter or smog, crowded buses). This builds relevance and makes abstract urban issues more concrete and memorable.
Teacher tip

Equipment

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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Prior knowledge starter quiz

Download quiz pdf

6 Questions

Q1.
Match these keywords with their meanings:

Correct Answer:Urban,Living in, or related to, towns and cities

Living in, or related to, towns and cities

Correct Answer:Infrastructure,Systems like roads, water pipes and electricity

Systems like roads, water pipes and electricity

Correct Answer:Informal settlement,A place where housing has been built without planning permission

A place where housing has been built without planning permission

Correct Answer:Quality of life,The overall well-being of people in an area

The overall well-being of people in an area

Q2.
Which of the following best describes a challenge people might face in a city?

Too much green space
Correct answer: Limited access to clean water
Too few job opportunities in farming
Long walking distances to school

Q3.
Why might people choose to live in a city?

It’s usually cheaper than the countryside
There are more open spaces
Correct answer: There are more job opportunities
There are fewer people

Q4.
Some people live in settlements, which may lack running water or electricity.

Correct Answer: informal

Q5.
Why is the statement “Everyone in a city lives in modern, well-planned housing” not true?

Cities have no old buildings
Cities only have rich people
Most cities are made up of farms
Correct answer: Some people live in informal or overcrowded housing

Q6.
Which city feature helps reduce traffic and pollution?

Correct answer: Public transport systems
More shopping centres
High-speed motorways
Extra car parks

Assessment exit quiz

Download quiz pdf

5 Questions

Q1.
Match the keywords to their definitions.

Correct Answer:overcrowding,too many people living in a small space

too many people living in a small space

Correct Answer:pollution,harmful substances in air, water, or sound

harmful substances in air, water, or sound

Correct Answer:infrastructure,all the basic systems in a country, such as transport networks

all the basic systems in a country, such as transport networks

Correct Answer:informal settlement,area built without planning or official support

area built without planning or official support

Q2.
What is a likely effect of rapid population growth in a city?

Increased farmland
Improved natural habitats
Correct answer: Pressure on infrastructure
Fewer people living in informal settlements

Q3.
Why might air pollution be worse in some cities?

There are more trees
Correct answer: There is more traffic and industrial activity
There are fewer cars
The weather is always rainy

Q4.
When a city’s population increases quickly, services often grow more than the number of people.

Correct Answer: slowly

Q5.
What is a common misunderstanding about city services?

Correct answer: Services grow at the same pace as population
Cities always get less rainfall
Cities have no pollution
Everyone owns a car