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      Climate justice and environmental inequality

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how climate change impacts are felt unequally and why this leads many people to call for climate justice.

      Key learning points

      1. Historically, high income countries have produced more greenhouse gases than low income countries.
      2. Low income countries are often more vulnerable to climate change as they have fewer resources to adapt to its impacts.
      3. Many people call for climate justice, so that poorer and more vulnerable people are not unfairly affected.

      Keywords

      • Greenhouse gases - gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat, such as carbon dioxide

      • Climate change - long-term changes in the climate and weather patterns

      • Anthropogenic - caused by human activity

      Common misconception

      China produces the most greenhouse gases per capita in the world.

      China produces the most greenhouse gases in the world, but with a population of over 1.4 billion people, their per capita emissions are significantly lower than many other countries.

      Teacher tip

      An extension of the final activity can be to hold a debate on the topic of climate justice. A good way to manage this is to give pupils different roles and ask them to argue from their perspective.

      Equipment

      Pupils may want to use atlases in this lesson.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What does the term 'development' describe in geography?

      How people vote
      How technology is used
      Correct answer: How a place changes and improves over time
      How roads are built

      Q2.
      What is one common indicator used to measure development?

      Number of shops
      Birthdays per year
      Favourite sports
      Correct answer: GDP per capita

      Q3.
      Which of these is an example of inequality?

      Correct answer: Some people having better access to clean water than others
      Everyone earning the same
      Equal healthcare for all
      Free education for everyone

      Q4.
      What does 'life expectancy' measure?

      Correct answer: The average age people live to
      How long school lasts
      The number of babies born
      How long a work shift is

      Q5.
      Which of these best shows global inequality?

      A world map
      Everyone having equal access to the internet
      Countries sharing the same time zone
      Correct answer: Some countries having more wealth and services than others

      Q6.
      What tool can show inequality on a map?

      A recipe
      Correct answer: GIS (Geographic Information System)
      A mobile phone
      A timetable

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      What are greenhouse gases?

      Gases that cool Earth's surface
      Correct answer: Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere
      Gases found in greenhouses only
      Gases that cause rainfall

      Q2.
      What does the term 'climate change' describe?

      Short-term changes in weather
      Correct answer: A long-term shift in Earth's climate
      One-off natural disasters
      Seasonal weather differences

      Q3.
      Which country produces the most greenhouse gases per capita?

      India
      China
      Correct answer: Qatar
      Brazil

      Q4.
      What makes climate change an issue of inequality?

      Everyone is affected equally
      Richer countries are the only ones affected
      Correct answer: Poorer countries are often more vulnerable despite contributing less
      Climate change doesn’t affect anyone seriously

      To help you plan your 8 geography lesson on: Climate justice and environmental inequality, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...