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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how physical geography influences development.

      Key learning points

      1. Physical geography can help or hinder development.
      2. Relief, natural resources, natural hazards, climate and location may all be barriers to development.
      3. Countries can overcome physical barriers to development in a variety of ways.
      4. HICs are often more able to overcome physical barriers than LICs due to having more financial resources.

      Keywords

      • Relief - the physical shape of the land in an area, including its height and steepness

      • Natural resources - materials or substances occurring in nature, such as minerals, water, forests, and fossil fuels

      • Landlocked - a country with no coastline

      • Natural hazards - extreme natural events that have the potential to cause harm to people, property, and the environment

      • Climate - an average of weather conditions (e.g. rain, sun, wind) in a place taken over a long period of time (usually 30 years or more)

      Common misconception

      Economic development can be fully explained by physical geography.

      Physical geography is one factor in influencing a country’s development. Other factors such as history and politics often have a greater influence.

      Teacher tip

      The practice task in learning cycle 2 could be made into a much larger activity where the pupils do significant research into each country and then make more extensive suggestions based on their context.

      Equipment

      atlases

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is the meaning of inequality?

      The number of people in each country
      A measure of a country’s climate
      The amount of pollution in a country
      Correct answer: Differences in wealth and access to resources

      Q2.
      What does ‘development’ mean in geography?

      The amount of land a country has
      Correct answer: The improvement of people’s quality of life
      The number of people in a country

      Q3.
      Which measure is often used to compare wealth between countries?

      Life expectancy
      Correct answer: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita
      Literacy rate

      Q4.
      What is physical geography?

      Correct answer: The study of natural features like landforms, climate, and ecosystems
      The study of how people live and interact
      The study of cities and transport

      Q5.
      What is human geography?

      The study of mountains and rivers
      Correct answer: The study of people, cultures, economies, and how they interact with places
      The study of plants and animals

      Q6.
      How has global wealth changed over the past 100 years?

      It has stayed the same everywhere
      All countries have become equally wealthy
      Correct answer: It has generally increased, but unevenly across countries

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      How can physical geography impact a country's development?

      It has no impact on development
      Correct answer: It can affect resources, trade, and agriculture
      Only climate matters for development
      Countries with mountains are always richer

      Q2.
      Which physical factor can make trade and development easier?

      Being completely landlocked
      Having extreme weather all year
      Having no rivers or lakes
      Correct answer: Being near a coastline with good ports

      Q3.
      Can economic development be fully explained by physical geography?

      Yes, physical geography is the only factor that determines development.
      Correct answer: No, while important, human factors like politics and technology also matter.
      Yes, countries with good physical geography always develop faster.
      No, physical geography has no impact on development.

      Q4.
      What is one way countries can overcome physical geography challenges?

      Ignoring the environment
      Moving all people to cities
      Correct answer: Investing in technology and infrastructure
      Relying only on farming

      To help you plan your 8 geography lesson on: Physical geography and development, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...