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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain different ways to support development and evaluate the effectiveness of top-down strategies.

      Key learning points

      1. Strategies to support development can be top-down or bottom-up
      2. Investment, aid, debt relief and fairtrade are all strategies to reduce the development gap
      3. All strategies to reduce the development gap have strengths and weaknesses.

      Keywords

      • Investment - where money is spent in a country to improve infrastructure or resources

      • Aid - help given by a group or country to support development in another country or for disaster relief

      • Debt relief - when debt is cancelled or reduced

      • Fairtrade - an organisation dedicated to improving the income and lives of farmers in lower income countries by making trade fairer

      Common misconception

      Development is always driven by governments and big international organisations.

      While governments and organisations play a big role, development often happens through smaller, community-led projects where local people take charge.

      Teacher tip

      The final practice activity can be developed so that pupils debate top-down aid from the perspective of different stakeholders.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is an example of a development indicator?

      A country’s national anthem
      The number of earthquakes it has
      Correct answer: Its average life expectancy
      The colour of its flag

      Q2.
      Which of these shows inequality between countries?

      The same level of education for all
      Equal access to clean water
      Shared languages across nations
      Correct answer: Differences in income and healthcare

      Q3.
      What is the Human Development Index (HDI) based on?

      Correct answer: Income, education and life expectancy
      Only how rich a country is
      Size of the country’s army
      Number of famous people from a country

      Q4.
      Some people have better life chances because of in development.

      Correct Answer: inequality

      Q5.
      What is the main reason that life varies around the world?

      People have different personalities
      Correct answer: Resources and opportunities are not shared equally
      Climates are identical everywhere
      Everyone has the same needs

      Q6.
      Which of these countries is likely to have high development?

      Correct answer: One with a high HDI and good infrastructure
      One with poor schools and healthcare
      One with no electricity or running water
      One where most people farm to feed only themselves

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the keywords to their definitions.

      Correct Answer:investment,where money is spent in a country to improve infrastructure

      where money is spent in a country to improve infrastructure

      Correct Answer:aid,help given by one country or group to another to support development

      help given by one country or group to another to support development

      Correct Answer:debt relief,when debt is cancelled or reduced

      when debt is cancelled or reduced

      Correct Answer:fairtrade,where farmers are guaranteed more money and better working conditions

      where farmers are guaranteed more money and better working conditions

      Q2.
      What is the main aim of development strategies?

      To increase pollution
      To slow down globalisation
      Correct answer: To improve quality of life
      To expand military strength

      Q3.
      projects can allow people to take the lead in development.

      Correct Answer: Community

      Q4.
      A student says “Only governments and big groups make development happen.” What’s a better understanding?

      That’s correct, no one else is involved
      Correct answer: Individuals and communities can lead successful projects
      Development doesn’t need any people at all
      Only banks have the power to develop an area

      To help you plan your 8 geography lesson on: Strategies to support development, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...