In this recording, we are going to use the Our World in Data website to visualise some evidence of globalisation. Now, the Our World in Data website uses reliable data to help us understand our world. And it essentially contains lots of data, but it transforms that data into maps and graphs, which help us understand how things have changed over time and how things change over geographical space. Now, this website doesn't just contain things about globalisation. It contains data about lots and lots of different things. And you can see on the top here where it says Popular Pages and it gives us a range of different topics. There's two key ways, I would say, which are useful for us in finding the data that we want to find. So I'll show you the two ways. The first way is to go to the top, and you can see along this menu at the top, it says Browse by Topic. So I'm going to click on this, and we can see a range of different topics come up. Now, if I go down to Poverty and Economic Development, and I click on this, and if I go along here, I can see, right at the far right, I can see Trade & Globalisation. And that's a useful thing, I think, for us to be able to visualise evidence of globalisation. So if I click on this, now, that will come up with a page and it's really interesting page. Lots of data on here, and it's gonna come up with lots of graphs and maps that I can use. And you're welcome to read through that. I'm not gonna do that on this recording now, but if I come right to the bottom of this page, it will have the key charts and graphs that it used in the article and is useful for us to understand globalisation. And you can see this one here, it says, "Trade as a share of GDP." And I'm going to click on this here. And now, it's already up on the right-hand side. So if I click on Enter Full Screen, the full page now comes up. Now the first thing to look at when you see a map like this is to look at the title, Trade as a Share of GDP. That means gross domestic product, and that's the amount of goods and services produced in the country within a year. And then it gives a little bit of information. Some of the exports and imports of goods and services divided by the GDP expresses a percentage. And this is known as the trade openness index. So it's essentially saying how much a country trades with other country, both through its imports, what it buys in, and it exports, what it sells to other countries. And we can see at the bottom here, we have a key which gives us our different percentages. The darker colours, the higher the trade openness index, the more it's trading with countries around the world. So we can immediately start to visualise which countries are trading a lot and which countries are not trading much. There's some handy tools that this does. We can go to the bottom key and it will isolate each category to see which countries are in each category. And that's really going to help us when we start to analyse some trends. And again, we can see here the countries with the highest trade openness index in the world. And we can see up there to the west of the UK, we can see Ireland. What I might want to do is click on that. I can even just hover over and it gives me some more information. So 237. 2% of GDP, which is incredibly high in terms of its trade. It shows how much it's changed over time as well. If I click on it, it just holds the number in place there, so it's easier for me to compare with another country. Then on the opposite end of the spectrum, there's Sudan and we can see that it was up at 36. 7% and now it's dropped in 2023 down to 2. 5%. And you'd have to do a little bit of research to find out what that is about. But if you do that research, you'll find out that this is to do with conflict. And usually when conflict occurs, that can really have a devastating impact on trade. So this is a fantastic way of being able to visualise trade, visualise, but well, trade, but in this case, it's really thinking about globalisation, how much economic interconnectedness each country has with the rest of the world. The other thing I can do is I can play a time lapse. So if I play the time lapse, it will go from the beginning figure, so this is 1960, and it will go all the way through. When you have a country with these hatch lines, it means there's no data for those countries. But you can see how this has changed over time. And we can see that actually the biggest trend there is that it's getting darker over time, that countries are trading more and more. Now, this map is primarily concerned with economic globalisation, economic interconnectedness. So if we want to look at maybe something else like social interconnectedness, we'd have to find some more data. Now, what I cannot do here is click on another layer of data and put this onto the same map. And in this way, although it has certain characteristics, which make it like a geographic information system, we can visualise data, we can analyse data, we can compare by looking at different maps, it doesn't have the functionality of a dedicated GIS application. So what I'm going to have to do is I'm going to have to open another map. So if I open another tab, so I've still got the old one in a different tab. I can find another map, which might maybe be able to help me. Now, I could go and browse by topic again, but if I know what I'm going to find or I want to find, I can type it in here. And here, you can see that I've typed in international migration. Now, word of warning here, there's actually two. They're very, very similar maps. In fact, they show the same data, but the one that we want is the one where it says underneath it, "People living in a given country who were born in another country." That's really what we want. And this is going to help us understand something about social interconnectedness and how much people are moving around. Now, again, I can put this into full screen, which I'll do in a second. This at the moment is giving us the total number of people in the country who were born in another country. The problem with this is you can see there the United States is over 52 million, which is an awful lot. It's a lot more than, for example, Norway with 1 million. But the problem with that is because it's not taken into account the overall population, I think it's a bit more useful to look at a percentage or a proportion. So at the top here, we can see per capita share of the population where it says under the Sub Metrics. So I'm going to click on this and it changes it slightly. You can see now the United States, it's given as a percentage and it's 15%. It's actually lower than Norway than 18%. I can go into full screen here and we can do the same again. We can start to kind of compare different parts of the world. We can see where the kind of areas with very low numbers of people born in other countries. So China, India, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Nigeria, Brazil, low numbers living in those countries. And then you can see in these really dark blue areas, let me just hold that over there, where we have the places where we've got high proportions of people who come from overseas. If we go to Ireland, for example, 23. 1%. If I go to Saudi Arabia, 40. 3. If we go to Qatar, I can actually see it's down at 76. 7%. So hopefully you can see from this just how useful Our World in Data maps are at visualising globalisation or evidence of globalisation around the world. Our first map showed us which countries are more economically interconnected through trade. And this map, it shows us how many people born in other countries and gives us an idea about how socially interconnected each country is with other countries around the world.