In this video, we're going to use the ArcGIS Geography Visualizer to visualise the geology of the UK and analyse it to see if there are any patterns to the geology of the UK. So the first thing we need to do here is we need to add a layer of data. So the way we're going to do this, we're going to come to the bottom toolbar and where you see this plus button where it says Add layer, we're going to click on this and I'm going to scroll down using the scroll wheel of the mouse and until I find this, and it says BGS UK Geology. So that is data which has been collected by the British Geological Survey. So I'm going to add that and you'll see when I've added that, a little 1 comes into the corner next to Map layers in that tool toolbar. So I can close that now. And what you'll see if you look carefully at the UK, it's now coloured in. The rest of the world isn't coloured in because this is data just for the United Kingdom. So I'm going to bring that to the centre and I'm going to zoom in and I'm using the scroll wheel of my mouse to do that, you can use the zoom buttons at the left hand side of the screen, but it's easier for me to use the scroll wheel of the mouse. And this shows lots of different colours. And this is a map showing the geology of the UK. Now maps are no real use without a key. So if I click on the Legend button in the toolbar, it comes up with what those colours mean. And you'll see those colours to do with what we call the geology period. So what they're not, they're not telling us the rock type. You would maybe expect it to be a map just showing where the metamorphic rock is, where the sedimentary rock is, where the igneous rock is. But this data's not really doing that here. It's showing us the period that that rock was formed. So it's essentially telling us it's age. So you can see this yellow here is the Neogene and you can see it on the east coast of Norfolk here. So the first thing we can visualise is that the UK's geology in terms of when it was formed, when the rock was formed, is really diverse 'cause we've got lots of different colours there. We can see that from the map. And the other thing I can see though, is if I actually click on some of this, so let me click on this green here. It gives us a little bit more information. So here, we know it's the Cretaceous period 'cause we can see that using the legend, but it also now tells us as the type of the rock. So it tells us that it's sedimentary and actually the specific rock, the lithology is chalk. It tells a little bit about how it was formed and the environment it was formed in. So if I want to know some information about a place in the UK in terms of its geology, I can go on this map and find out. And that can be really useful because it might help me know whether I'm likely to have difficulties building on this rock. You know, how solid it is. It might tell me whether I'm likely to find water in this rock because it might tell me if it's permeable or impermeable, whether it lets water in or not. So that's really useful information for a geographer. However, what this visualisation also allows us to do is analyse and see if there are any patterns there or any patterns to this geology. And what you can see here is if we think about these different colours, we can see that they seem to be in bands running from the northeast to the southwest. So if we look at this band in London, so this area of the Paleogene here, we can see it kind of runs in a northeast to southwest band. And if we move further north, we can see that the Cretaceous seems to do this. And then we can see the same with the Jurassic just slightly north of that. And this continues all the way up from the southeast to the northwest. And what I'm going to do is I'm gonna use the sketch tool. So I'm gonna click on Sketch at the bottom and I'm going to draw a transect running from, come from here, from the southeast, all the way up to the northwest. Let's go up to the outer Hebrides up here. So I'm going all the way through the UK. Now one handy tool I've got here is if I come to the Legend and click Interactive, what I can do is I can click on one of these, such as the Neogene, and it will only highlight that, those rocks which were formed, I should say, in the Neogene. Now one useful thing about this Legend is they're actually an age old order. So what that means is the youngest rock is at the top of this Legend. And the oldest rock right down here in the Precambrian is at the bottom of the Legend. So what I can now do is I can start to click through and look where the youngest rock in the country is. So the Neogene's in the southeast and the Paleogene is mainly in the southeast. We've got a bit in Northern Ireland here and up in the northwest of Scotland, it's in the sky. The Paleogene to Neogene is actually a transition between rock periods. So that'll have some rock formed in both of these periods. I'm just gonna carry on clicking. There's the Cretaceous, mainly in the southeast, there's the Jurassic. So these are the youngest rocks we have in the UK and they're all in the southeast corner really of England, or the majority, I should say, not all, but the majority are in the southeast corner of the UK. I carry on clicking, and I'll do this quite quick here, but you can see it starts to build up, but it's filling in from the southeast and I can come all the way down to here and we can see now that the majority of the UK is filled in. But the main exception is the northwest of Scotland. So these must be older rocks. If I carry on clicking now, suddenly it will get filled in right up until I get to Precambrian rocks, which are 3 billion years old and they're right up in the northwest of Scotland. So what we can see by using the GIS is there is a really strong pattern to the UK's geology. The youngest rock is generally in the southeast of England. And then it gets older and older progressively until we hit with the northwest of Scotland with the oldest rocks in the UK.