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      Water resources: demand and supply

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain reasons for the increasing demand for water and factors that affect water supply.

      Key learning points

      1. Globally, water consumption is rising.
      2. Water consumption is increasing due to economic development.
      3. Water consumption is increasing due to population increase.
      4. There are physical factors that affect water availability, such as climate and geology.
      5. Human factors affecting water availability include pollution, over-abstraction, limited infrastructure and poverty.

      Keywords

      • Abstraction - the extraction of water from a water source, such as a river or aquifer

      • Over-abstraction - occurs when the extraction exceeds recharge by precipitation

      • Poverty - more than lack of income, it includes hunger and malnutrition, limited access to education and other basic services

      Common misconception

      In LICs and NEEs there is a general lack of safe drinking water.

      There is unequal access to safe drinking water in LICs and some NEEs, rather than a general lack. Investment in infrastructure often lags behind population growth. Wealthier people buy bottled water or expensive home purification technology.

      Teacher tip

      When considering factors that affect availability of water, there are opportunities to drill down to a local scale and consider contrasts within countries. This return to a more concrete, experienced scale may be welcomed by students after the 'global-scale' questions of the first learning cycle.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What best explains why some countries lack clean water?

      Correct answer: Poor infrastructure and low rainfall
      Too many rivers
      Extra water imports
      All people have equal access

      Q2.
      Which of the following is not a renewable resource?

      Wind
      Correct answer: Coal
      Solar
      Tidal

      Q3.
      Which continent uses the most energy overall?

      Oceania
      South America
      Africa
      Correct answer: Asia

      Q4.
      Fossil fuels are being replaced by more energy.

      Correct Answer: renewable

      Q5.
      Which is not a cause of food insecurity?

      Conflict
      Climate change
      Correct answer: Balanced diets
      Poverty

      Q6.
      What is meant by “energy mix”?

      One energy source used
      Correct answer: A range of sources used to produce energy
      Only fossil fuels
      Just imported energy

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the keywords to their correct definitions:

      Correct Answer:abstraction,Extraction of water from a source such as a river

      Extraction of water from a source such as a river

      Correct Answer:over-abstraction,When water extraction exceeds natural replenishment

      When water extraction exceeds natural replenishment

      Correct Answer:poverty,A condition including hunger, poor access to services and education

      A condition including hunger, poor access to services and education

      Q2.
      What is one major cause of rising water demand globally?

      Decline in farming
      Increased rainfall
      Correct answer: Economic development
      Falling population

      Q3.
      What is the main impact of poverty on water supply?

      More people dig wells
      Correct answer: Infrastructure may not exist or be maintained
      It causes floods
      People waste more water

      Q4.
      Which statement best corrects a common misunderstanding?

      All areas of LICs lack clean water.
      Everyone in NEEs drinks untreated water.
      Correct answer: Access to clean water varies within LICs and NEEs.
      All water in LICs is recycled.

      To help you plan your 11 geography lesson on: Water resources: demand and supply, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...