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      Environmental impacts of energy extraction

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain environmental impacts associated with non-renewable, renewable and recyclable energy extraction and use.

      Key learning points

      1. Energy extraction has environmental consequences.
      2. Mining and drilling can have environmental impacts, such as landscape scarring, oil spills and carbon emissions.
      3. Renewable energy can have landscape impacts including from HEP flooding and land use for wind turbines and solar panels.

      Keywords

      • Landscape scarring - visible damage to a landscape caused by human activities such as mining or construction

      • Carbon emissions - the release of carbon into the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming

      Common misconception

      Only the extraction and use of non-renewable energy has environmental consequences.

      Renewables and recyclables can have environmental consequences too, although they generally cause less harm than fossil fuels. These consequences can include impacts on biodiversity and the ability of ecosystems to absorb carbon dioxide.

      Teacher tip

      GIS offers excellent opportunities to identify landscape scarring and measure the impact of changes in landscapes due to energy extraction and production over time.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is a renewable energy source?

      An energy source that can run out
      Energy that is burnt
      Correct answer: Energy that is naturally replenished
      Energy stored underground

      Q2.
      Which of these is an example of non-renewable energy?

      Solar
      Correct answer: Coal
      Wind
      Geothermal

      Q3.
      What does recyclable energy mean?

      Energy used once
      Energy that cannot be reused
      Correct answer: Energy sources that can be reused
      Energy made from fossil fuels

      Q4.
      Why are renewable energy sources important?

      They pollute the environment
      They will eventually run out
      Correct answer: They reduce reliance on fossil fuels
      They are only used in winter

      Q5.
      Which energy source is not renewable?

      Solar
      Tidal
      Correct answer: Oil
      Hydroelectric

      Q6.
      Which of the following is a renewable source?

      Gas
      Correct answer: Biomass
      Diesel
      Petrol

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      What is meant by "landscape scarring"?

      Planting new trees
      Natural erosion of hills
      Correct answer: Damage caused by mining or construction
      Growth of new vegetation

      Q2.
      What are carbon emissions?

      Correct answer: The release of carbon into the atmosphere
      Planting of carbon-rich crops
      Reduction of greenhouse gases
      Capture of carbon by forests

      Q3.
      Which of the following activities is most likely to cause landscape scarring?

      Tourism
      Organic farming
      Correct answer: Oil drilling
      Bird watching

      Q4.
      Does only non-renewable energy extraction impact the environment?

      Yes
      Correct answer: No
      Only with coal
      Only when oil is extracted

      To help you plan your 11 geography lesson on: Environmental impacts of energy extraction, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...