New
New
Year 5

The rise of Mercia

I can explain how Mercia came to be the most powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdom by 796 CE.

New
New
Year 5

The rise of Mercia

I can explain how Mercia came to be the most powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdom by 796 CE.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. By 750 CE the kingdoms of Mercia, Wessex, Northumberland and East Anglia were the most powerful.
  2. By the second half of the 8th century, Mercia was ruled by King Offa and his Frankish queen, Cynethryth.
  3. Sometimes the most powerful Anglo-Saxon kings would claim to be the 'bretwalda', the ruler of all of Britain.
  4. Having won many battles against other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, Offa called himself ‘bretwalda’.
  5. Offa was unable to defeat the Welsh; he built a barrier on his western borders to protect his kingdom against them.

Keywords

  • Northumbria - Northumbria was a former Anglo-Saxon kingdom in north-east England in modern-day Northumberland

  • Mercia - Mercia was a major Anglo-Saxon kingdom in the central part of England

  • Supremacy - having supremacy is having more power than anyone else

  • Barrier - a barrier is a fence or obstacle that prevents movement or access

Common misconception

King Offa was solely responsible for Mercian supremacy.

Although it was mostly King Offa, the supremacy of Mercia was already beginning before his reign and continued for a short while afterwards.

You may wish to see which Anglo-Saxon kingdom your local setting would have been a part of and if there are any significant settlements from that period nearby.
Teacher tip

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of sensitive content
  • Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

Supervision

Adult supervision recommended

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
How many Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were there around 600 CE?
5
6
Correct answer: 7
8
Q2.
What was Augustine sent to Britain to do by the Pope in 597 CE?
attack Britain to bring it back under Roman control
Correct answer: convert the pagan Anglo-Saxons to Christianity
meet with St Columbanus
see what the Anglo-Saxons had built
Q3.
What is the name of the tribe that arrived in Britain from Ireland around the early 400s CE?
Correct Answer: The Scots, Scots, the scots, The scots
Q4.
Match the Anglo-Saxon god or goddess with the day of the week named after them.
Correct Answer:Tiw,Tuesday

Tuesday

Correct Answer:Woden,Wednesday

Wednesday

Correct Answer:Thor,Thursday

Thursday

Correct Answer:Frig,Friday

Friday

Q5.
What three things did the Roman Christians and Celtic Christians disagree on?
Correct answer: the dates of Easter
Correct answer: what language church services should be in
whether they should celebrate Christmas or not
Correct answer: how monks should shave their hair
where the next church should be built
Q6.
What was the name given to the meeting between the Celtic and Roman Christians to decide what type of Christianity should be used in Britain?
The Holy Meeting
The Christian Conference
Hilda's Great Meeting
Correct answer: The Synod of Whitby

6 Questions

Q1.
Which two of the following were considered to be the most powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdoms by 750 CE?
Kent
Sussex
Correct answer: Mercia
Correct answer: Northumbria
Essex
Q2.
Who was the King of Mercia from 757 to 796 CE?
Correct answer: Offa
Aethelbert
Aethelbald
Coenwulf
Q3.
Match the word with its definition.
Correct Answer:kingdom,a country or area ruled by a king or queen

a country or area ruled by a king or queen

Correct Answer:barrier,a fence or obstacle that prevents movement or access

a fence or obstacle that prevents movement or access

Correct Answer:supremacy,having more power than anyone else

having more power than anyone else

Correct Answer:bretwalda,an Anglo-Saxon word meaning the ruler of all of Britain

an Anglo-Saxon word meaning the ruler of all of Britain

Q4.
Starting with the earliest, sort these events into chronological order.
1 - The Anglo-Saxons arrived in Britain.
2 - Seven distinct Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were established in Britain.
3 - Offa became King of Mercia.
4 - Mercia became the most powerful kingdom.
5 - Offa built a barrier between Mercia and the Welsh tribes.
6 - Offa died and his reign ended.
Q5.
What was the name of the large barrier that was built between Mercia and Wales?
Correct Answer: Offa's Dyke, Offas Dyke, offa's dyke, offas dyke
Q6.
Pick the reasons why Offa was such a powerful Anglo-Saxon king.
He did not like the Welsh kingdoms.
Correct answer: He established friendships across Britain through marriage.
Correct answer: His armies defeated many other kingdoms across Britain.
His name meant 'wolf' and wolves are powerful.

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