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      Life at the end of the last Ice Age

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe how archaeologists know about Homo sapiens’ early settlement of Britain.

      Key learning points

      1. Dating different human remains suggests the presence of modern humans in Britain has been brief and sporadic.
      2. It has only become continuous at the end of the last Ice Age, c.12,000 years ago.
      3. The modern humans who appeared in Britain were highly adaptable hunter-gatherers.
      4. Flints found far from where they were acquired show that they moved around Britain far more than the Neanderthals had.

      Keywords

      • Homo sapiens - the only surviving group of humans is the Homo sapiens

      • Ice Age - an Ice Age is when Earth becomes very cold for a long period of time

      • Hunter-gatherer - hunter-gatherers hunt animals and gather berries and nuts

      Common misconception

      That our knowledge of the past is factual.

      Explain that our understanding of the past is based on evidence that helps to build up a picture. New discoveries are made all the time.

      Teacher tip

      Show children pictures of prehistoric stone tools and bones. Encourage them to think like an archaeologist by encouraging children to discuss what the artefacts tell us and what clues they hold to life in the past.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of upsetting content

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What are people who study human history and artefacts found in the ground called?

      Correct answer: archaeologists
      mathematicians
      scientists

      Q2.
      What is the period in history called before written records and writing systems were used?

      predrawing
      Correct answer: prehistory
      prewriting

      Q3.
      What is it called when the Earth becomes very cold for a long period of time?

      Cold Age
      Correct answer: Ice Age
      Snow Age

      Q4.
      How many Ice Ages have happened in Britain?

      None
      One
      Correct answer: Several

      Q5.
      Which statement describes a woolly mammoth?

      A small creature with sharp teeth and scales
      A medium-sized creature with a spotty coat and antlers
      Correct answer: A large creature covered in fur with big tusks

      Q6.
      What are modern humans called?

      Homo antecessor
      Homo neanderthalensis
      Correct answer: Homo sapiens

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      A hunter-gatherer...

      Correct answer: hunts animals and gathers berries and nuts for food
      plants seeds and gathers in the crops for food
      farms animals and gathers them in during the winter

      Q2.
      The modern humans who appeared in Britain at the end of the last Ice Age were?

      farmers
      Correct answer: hunter-gatherers
      shoppers

      Q3.
      Stone tools made from flint have been discovered in areas where flint is not found. What do archaeologists believe this shows?

      Correct answer: Homo sapiens moved around Britain and were nomadic
      Homo sapiens settled next to flint mines
      Homo sapiens used other materials instead of flint

      Q4.
      Which statement describes the presence of humans in Britain?

      Evidence suggests modern humans have lived in Britain continuously.
      Correct answer: Evidence suggests modern humans came and left Britain before they settled.
      Evidence suggests modern humans have always lived in Britain.

      Q5.
      Starting with the longest ago, put the events into the order that they happened.

      1 - Early humans first arrived in Britain.
      2 - Homo sapiens first arrived in Britain.
      3 - Homo sapiens settled in Britain.

      Q6.
      How long ago did homo sapiens settle in Britain?

      Correct answer: 12,000 years ago
      40,000 years ago
      900,000 years ago

      To help you plan your 3 history lesson on: Life at the end of the last Ice Age, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...