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      What it meant to be a Roman

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how ideas about what it meant to be a Roman changed over time.

      Key learning points

      1. At first to be Roman meant to be from the city of Rome.
      2. To be a Roman was often associated with power and military strength.
      3. The idea of how Rome should be ruled changed a lot over time.
      4. Even when Rome fell, there was still a ‘Roman’ Empire in the East: the Byzantines.
      5. A good description of how ideas about what it meant to be Roman changed will use knowledge from across this unit.

      Keywords

      • Ideology - an ideology is a set of beliefs and ideas held by one person or shared by a group of people

      • Disciplined - to be disciplined is to behave in a controlled manner by following particular rules

      Common misconception

      In ancient times, being Roman meant being from the city of Rome.

      Initially, being Roman meant being from the city of Rome but later it included people who followed Roman ideology all over the Roman world.

      Teacher tip

      Invite children to explore what it meant to be Roman by dressing as a Roman, for example, a Roman emperor, Roman king, a Roman citizen, a Roman senator or Roman legionary.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      According to the myth, __________ was the founder of Rome.

      Remus
      Correct answer: Romulus
      Julius Caesar
      Augustus

      Q2.
      Place the following events in the correct order, starting with the earliest.

      1 - Rome was initially ruled by Kings
      2 - When the last king of Rome was overthrown, the Roman Republic was created
      3 - The Roman Empire followed the Roman Republic
      4 - The Roman Empire was split in two by Emperor Diocletian in 286 CE
      5 - The Roman Empire was reunited temporarily under Emperor Constantine
      6 - The Roman Empire permanently split in two in 395 CE

      Q3.
      The Byzantine Empire was also known as the __________ Roman Empire.

      Northern
      Southern
      Western
      Correct answer: Eastern

      Q4.
      Match the Roman person to their title.

      Correct Answer:Romulus,king
      Correct Answer:Julius Caesar,dictator
      Correct Answer:Augustus,emperor
      Correct Answer:Brutus,senator

      Q5.
      The capital of the Byzantine Empire was...

      Correct answer: Constantinople
      Rome
      Athens
      London

      Q6.
      Match the word to its meaning.

      Correct Answer:Roman senator,someone who helped the Roman leader to rule
      Correct Answer:citizen,a member of a country or city
      Correct Answer:dictator,a person with complete control over a country
      Correct Answer:emperor,ruler of an empire

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is an ideology?

      a plan to make something by a group of people
      imagination shared by a group of people
      Correct answer: a set of beliefs and ideas held by one person or shared by a group of people
      ideas held by one person

      Q2.
      Match the person to their title.

      Correct Answer:Romulus,first king of Rome
      Correct Answer:Tarquin,last king of Rome
      Correct Answer:Augustus,emperor of Rome
      Correct Answer:Julius Caesar,dictator of Rome

      Q3.
      In 286 CE, the Roman Empire became too large to manage. What was the consequence of this?

      Correct answer: Emperor Diocletian split the Empire in two
      Emperor Diocletian turned the Empire into a Republic
      Emperor Diocletian said the Empire was to be ruled by the Senate

      Q4.
      Match the words about the Roman military to their definitions.

      Correct Answer:well-equipped,having enough supplies and weapons
      Correct Answer:highly-trained,to become very skilful through lots of practice
      Correct Answer:disciplined,to behave according to the rules of the Roman military
      Correct Answer:courageous,fearless and brave

      Q5.
      Place these events in the correct order, starting with the earliest.

      1 - Rome is founded
      2 - Rome becomes a republic
      3 - the Roman Empire expands
      4 - the Roman Empire splits
      5 - the fall of the Western Roman Empire
      6 - the end of the Byzantine Empire

      Q6.
      What did it mean to be Roman?

      Correct answer: to live in the Roman world and follow Roman ideology
      to be born in Rome
      Correct answer: to be associated with Roman military strength and power
      to be someone who believes that war is wrong

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