New
New
Year 9

Post-war decolonisation in Africa

I can explain the role of nationalist movements in achieving independence for Britain's colonies in Africa.

New
New
Year 9

Post-war decolonisation in Africa

I can explain the role of nationalist movements in achieving independence for Britain's colonies in Africa.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. After the Second World War, Britain had initially hoped to retain control of its empire in Africa.
  2. From 1945, demands for independence from nationalist movements across Britain's African colonies intensified.
  3. Nkrumah led peaceful protests against British rule in the Gold Coast, which became independent as Ghana in 1957.
  4. The Mau Mau Uprising meant that Kenya's transition to independence was more violent than in other African colonies.
  5. The Mau Mau Uprising helped to demonstrate that Britain could no longer rule Kenya and it became independent in 1963.

Keywords

  • Decolonisation - the process by which colonies ruled by an empire achieve independence

  • Self government - when people in a community or region make their own decisions about laws, policies, and leadership without outside control

  • Nationalist - someone who strongly believes in and supports their own country, placing its interests above those of other nations

  • Guerilla - warfare that involves using surprise attacks and hit-and-run tactics to fight a larger, more traditional military force

Common misconception

Decolonisation happened in a peaceful and orderly way in all of Britain's African colonies.

Decolonisation in many of Britain's African colonies was mostly peaceful; however, there were exceptions. For example, in Kenya there was significant violence as the British authorities used brutal measures to suppress the Mau Mau Uprising (1952-60).

Students could work in two groups for this lesson, one researching the role of nationalist movements in achieving independence for the Gold Coast, and one doing the same for Kenya.
Teacher tip

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour
  • Depiction or discussion of serious crime
  • Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

Supervision

Adult supervision required

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
Who captured Jerusalem for the British during World War I?
Winston Churchill
Correct answer: General Edmund Allenby
Lord Balfour
Sir Henry McMahon
Q2.
What percentage of Palestine's population in 1917 were Arab Muslims?
50
70
Correct answer: 90
95
Q3.
The Balfour Declaration, issued by the British government in 1917, expressed support for the establishment of a national home for the people in Palestine.
Correct Answer: Jewish, jewish
Q4.
Which secret agreement between Britain and France aimed to divide the Ottoman Empire's territories in the Middle East after World War I?
The McMahon-Hussein Correspondence
The Balfour Declaration
Correct answer: The Sykes-Picot Agreement
The Treaty of Versailles
Q5.
The Great Arab Revolt, which began in , was a response to British policies and increased Jewish immigration to Palestine.
Correct Answer: 1936
Q6.
What event on 14th May 1948 led to the start of the first Arab-Israeli War?
The United Nations proposed a partition plan.
Correct answer: The British withdrew from Palestine.
The League of Nations granted a mandate over Palestine to Britain.
The signing of the Sykes-Picot Agreement.

6 Questions

Q1.
Which British Prime Minister acknowledged the inevitability of African independence in the "Wind of Change" speech?
Winston Churchill
Correct answer: Harold Macmillan
Clement Attlee
Anthony Eden
Q2.
What was the Pan-African movement primarily focused on?
Promoting European colonization
Correct answer: Achieving African independence and promoting African culture
Establishing British rule across Africa
Supporting the Cold War efforts of the USA
Q3.
The violent uprising in Kenya led by the was crucial in showing that Britain could no longer control the colony.
Correct Answer: Mau Mau, mau mau, mau-mau, Mau-Mau
Q4.
What event in 1948 led to a surge in support for independence in the Gold Coast (later Ghana)?
The signing of the Sykes-Picot Agreement
Correct answer: The Accra Riots
The Mau Mau Uprising
The Wind of Change speech
Q5.
Kwame became the first Prime Minister of the Gold Coast (which became known as Ghana) after it gained independence in 1957.
Correct Answer: Nkrumah, nkrumah
Q6.
Which cash crops were grown on large-scale farms in Kenya by British settlers, leading to significant displacement of the local population?
Wheat and corn
Correct answer: Tea and coffee
Sugar and cotton
Rice and tobacco

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