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      The successful expansion of medieval Mali

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can evaluate the different reasons for the growth of medieval Mali.

      Key learning points

      1. Mali expanded throughout the Sahel during the 13th century.
      2. Mali used its superior army to conquer its neighbours, such as the Jolof in the west and the Songhai in the east.
      3. Mali had a successful governmental structure - it was a federation and the Mansa installed a farimba in each kingdom
      4. Mali’s wealth was built on its access to gold and salt.
      5. The Malian elite used gold to enrich themselves and enhance the empire.

      Keywords

      • Trade - trade means the exchange of goods

      • Federation - a federation is a country made up of individual states that have control over their own local matters, but are controlled by a central government

      • Mansa - Mansa is the word used in the Mali Empire to refer to the king or emperor

      Common misconception

      Successful empires dominate and subjugate the conquered people within the empire in order to keep them loyal.

      The Mali aristocracy adopted a successful 'hands off' approach to governance, allowing the different kingdoms within the empire a great degree of autonomy.

      Teacher tip

      At the start of the lesson, ask students to write a list of what they think are good characteristics of a successful empire. At the end of the lesson, get them to tick off any features that the Mali Empire embodied from their list.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the words with their definitions. Write the correct letter in each box.

      Correct Answer:pilgrimage,a holy journey

      a holy journey

      Correct Answer:Hajj, the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca

      the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca

      Correct Answer:trade,the exchange of goods

      the exchange of goods

      Q2.
      In which year did Mansa Musa embark on the Hajj?

      Correct answer: 1324
      1312
      1327

      Q3.
      Which city turned into one of the most important centres of Islamic learning after the Hajj?

      Cairo
      Correct answer: Timbuktu
      Sahara
      Gao

      Q4.
      How many years did it take for the price of gold to return to its previous level in Egypt?

      More than 10 years
      Correct answer: More than 12 years
      More than 1 year

      Q5.
      Who returned with Mansa Musa from the Hajj?

      Correct answer: Abu al-Sahili
      Correct answer: Four of the descendents of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
      Sundiata Keita

      Q6.
      What was the impact of the creation of the Djinguereber Mosque?

      Correct answer: This style was used extensively thereafter.
      The design showcased the gold of the Mali Empire.
      The design featured Mansa Musa, an idea that was used across the Mali Empire.

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      A country made up of individual states that have control over their own local matters, but are controlled by a central government is known as a

      Correct Answer: federation, Federation

      Q2.
      How did Mali conquer its neighbours, such as the Jolof in the west and the Songhai in the east. Select the correct statement.

      Correct answer: Mali used its superior army to conquer its neighbours.
      Mali used its gold to conquer its neighbours.
      Mali used its supply of salt to conquer its neighbours.

      Q3.
      Why was the Malian military so impressive? Select all of the statements that are correct.

      Correct answer: The Mandinke were expert blacksmiths who made strong iron weapons.
      Correct answer: The Mandinke were excellent horsemen.
      Correct answer: Medieval African arrows had poison tips.
      Medieval African bows were more powerful than those used in Asia or Europe.

      Q4.
      What was the role of a farimba? Select the statements that are correct

      Correct answer: to make sure that the king did not act against the interests of the empire
      Correct answer: to be completely loyal to the Mansa
      travel to kingdoms within the empire comparing the work of different Mansas

      Q5.
      Upon which of the following two commodities did the Mali Empire generate incredible amounts of wealth?

      Correct answer: salt
      Correct answer: gold
      books
      diamonds

      Q6.
      How did the Malian elite used gold? Select all of the statements that are correct.

      Correct answer: for ornamentation, such as golden bows and arrows
      Correct answer: to pay for the construction of buildings
      Correct answer: to demonstrate their own power and wealth

      To help you plan your 7 history lesson on: The successful expansion of medieval Mali, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...