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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain that war on the Western Front was fought largely in trenches, and by men from across the British Empire.

      Key learning points

      1. Lord Kitchener quickly began to recruit more soldiers in Britain as he anticipated a long, drawn out war.
      2. The troops who volunteered to fight found themselves fighting a war of attrition from the trenches.
      3. The attempt to break the stalemate during the 1916 Battle of the Somme caused large loss of life for little gain.
      4. The British and French troops fought alongside the British Indian Army on the Western Front.
      5. Over 1.5 million Indian troops fought for Britain in the war.

      Keywords

      • War of attrition - a war of attrition is a conflict in which each side tries to wear the other down by inflicting maximum casualties

      • Stalemate - a stalemate is a situation in which further progress by opposing sides seems impossible

      • Conscription - conscription is the process of forcing people to join the armed forces

      • Trenches - long, narrow ditches which soldiers dug to protect themselves during the war against enemy attacks

      • Western Front - a 400-mile long strip of land through France and Belgium were the largest battles of WW1 were fought

      Common misconception

      The British army went into the war confidently, with a large number of troops.

      The British army had no more than 700 000 men in August 1914, they would need to use mass recruitment and colonial armies.

      Teacher tip

      In introducing the Indian troops into the lesson, emphasise that India was one of several British colonies who contributed to the war effort.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which one of these countries did Germany assume would remain neutral if Germany launched its Schlieffen Plan?

      Austria-Hungary
      Correct answer: Britain
      France
      Russia

      Q2.
      Match each key word to the correct definition.

      Correct Answer:conscription,the process of forcing people to join the armed forces

      the process of forcing people to join the armed forces

      Correct Answer:war of attrition,a conflict in which each side tries to wear the other down

      a conflict in which each side tries to wear the other down

      Correct Answer:trenches,long narrow ditches which soldiers dug to protect themselves

      long narrow ditches which soldiers dug to protect themselves

      Correct Answer:stalemate,when further progress by opposing sides seems impossible

      when further progress by opposing sides seems impossible

      Q3.
      Which one of the following countries had planned to use the Schlieffen Plan in the event of a European war?

      Britain
      France
      Correct answer: Germany
      Russia

      Q4.
      Starting with the earliest, sort the following events into the order in which they happened

      1 - the unification of Germany
      2 - the Balkan Wars
      3 - the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
      4 - Serbia refuses to accept all the terms of Austria Hungary's ultimatum
      5 - Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
      6 - Russia, France and Germany become involved in the war
      7 - Britain declares war on Germany

      Q5.
      Which two of the following conditions best describes why a country would introduce conscription?

      too many people have volunteered to join the army
      Correct answer: not enough people have volunteered to join the army
      too many people have medical conditions that disqualify them from volunteering
      Correct answer: there are not enough soldiers in the army at the time war breaks out
      the population of a country is made up of mostly children and elderly people

      Q6.
      Which three of the following are examples of the impact war can have on civilians?

      Correct answer: deaths of relatives and friends in the war
      increase in trade and availability of goods, especially food
      Correct answer: introduction of new laws to help the whole country support the war
      development of new battlefield tactics
      Correct answer: important issues that do not directly relate to the war are delayed or ignored

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      When was conscription introduced for British men?

      1914
      Correct answer: 1916
      1918
      1921

      Q2.
      Complete this sentence by filling in the missing name. The name of the battle in which German troops first used chlorine gas was the Second Battle of __________.

      Correct Answer: Ypres, ypres

      Q3.
      Which British colony had 1.5 million soldiers ready for war in 1914?

      Correct Answer: British India, India, india, british india

      Q4.
      What is the three-word term used to describe a conflict in which each side tries to wear the other down by inflicting maximum casualties?

      Correct Answer: War of attrition, war of attrition, a war of attrition, War of Attrition

      Q5.
      Which three are examples of the steps Lord Kitchener took to recruit as many men as possible?

      Correct answer: using recruiters and posters to encourage men to join
      Correct answer: introducing conscription
      using recruiters and poster to remind men of the risks of war
      encouraging many women to join the war effort as soldiers
      Correct answer: making the war seem like an exciting adventure

      Q6.
      Which one of the following best explains why new tactics were used in the Battle of the Somme in 1916?

      military leaders wanted to create a stalemate
      Correct answer: military leaders thought they had figured out how to break the stalemate
      the troops thought they had figured out how to break the stalemate
      new tactics were not used in the Battle of the Somme

      To help you plan your 9 history lesson on: The Western Front in WW1, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...