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      Norman monastic reform

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe how monasteries were involved in Norman religious reforms.

      Key learning points

      1. Monastic life in Norman England was based on the Rule of St Benedict.
      2. Monasteries were important to Lanfranc's reforms of the English Church.
      3. As well as his Church reforms, Lanfranc also circulated new monastic rules.
      4. The Normans introduced Cluniac monasteries to England.
      5. English abbots were replaced with Normans.

      Keywords

      • Order - in this context, groups of monks or nuns who live together as a religious community, following a set of rules for that order

      • Liturgy - the prayers and rituals regularly carried out together by a religious community or religious group

      • Celibate - not having sexual relationships, usually for religious reasons

      • Constitution - a set of principles and legal decisions which people agree to follow

      Common misconception

      Monks were all poor.

      Although individual monks gave up all their possessions, Norman monasteries were often extremely wealthy because they held very large amount of land granted to them by the king or Norman barons and knights.

      Teacher tip

      The history of nunneries in Norman England is very interesting, with many women choosing to become nuns to escape the changes that Normans brought to English women's lives after the conquest. A popular historical charity has excellent online resources on this topic.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      A is a religious journey to a holy place.

      Correct Answer: pilgrimage

      Q2.
      At which English battle did William de Warenne support William of Normandy?

      Stirling Bridge
      Correct answer: Hastings
      Bannockburn
      Bosworth

      Q3.
      The Cluniac monks strictly followed the Rule of St ...

      Correct Answer: Benedict, Benedictine

      Q4.
      How did William I reward William de Warenne for his loyalty?

      He built a castle in his honour.
      Correct answer: He gave William extensive lands in Norfolk, Sussex and Yorkshire.
      He gave him an annual salary.
      He gave him a position in the Church.
      He gave William extensive lands in Kent, Northumbria and Wales.

      Q5.
      Where did William de Warenne found his first Cluniac priory in England?

      Castle Acre
      Correct answer: Lewes
      Oxford
      Durham
      Salisbury

      Q6.
      Castle Acre Priory was a Cluniac priory set up in the county of in East Anglia in 1085.

      Correct Answer: Norfolk

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the words with their correct definitions.

      Correct Answer:order,groups of monks who live as a religious community following set rules
      Correct Answer:liturgy,the prayers regularly carried out together by a religious group
      Correct Answer:celibate,not having sexual relationships, usually for religious reasons
      Correct Answer:constitution,a set of principles and legal decisions which people agree to follow

      Q2.
      Write the missing word. Archbishop wanted to see a stricter adherence to Benedictine Rule in England through his religious reforms.

      Correct Answer: Lanfranc

      Q3.
      In Lanfranc's monastic constitutions, the wording of which part of religious services was reformed?

      baptism
      Bible readings
      Correct answer: the liturgy

      Q4.
      How many Benedictine monasteries were there in England by 1135?

      35
      75
      150
      Correct answer: 250
      350

      Q5.
      The correct term for the head of a monastery which is independent of other monasteries is an ...

      Correct Answer: abbot

      Q6.
      In 1083, English monks at which monastery resisted Lanfranc’s changes to religious services, with tragic consequences?

      Shrewsbury
      Dunster
      Correct answer: Glastonbury
      Tavistock
      Ely

      To help you plan your 10 history lesson on: Norman monastic reform, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...