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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can evaluate the significance of Jenner's vaccine for smallpox.

      Key learning points

      1. Smallpox killed many people in Britain.
      2. Inoculation could provide immunity, but also carried some risks.
      3. Edward Jenner discovered an effective and safe vaccine for smallpox in 1796.
      4. There was considerable opposition to Jenner's vaccine.
      5. The British government provided increasing support for smallpox vaccination over the 19th century.

      Keywords

      • Immunity - the state of being unable to catch a specific disease

      • Scientific method - approach to testing and gaining knowledge based on observation and experimentation

      • Compulsory - something which people must do because of a rule or law

      Common misconception

      Jenner's vaccine became widespread and popular almost immediately.

      There was considerable opposition to Jenner's smallpox vaccine which delayed widespread use of vaccination in Britain until later in the 19th century.

      Teacher tip

      After reading through section B of the Additional Material, ask pupils why it would make a difference to people's attitudes towards inoculation if they knew the children of the Royal Family had undergone the procedure.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What invention helped new scientific ideas to spread more quickly during the Renaissance?

      Microscope
      Correct answer: Printing press
      Telescope
      Steam engine

      Q2.
      Which new Renaissance method of learning encouraged observation and experimentation?

      Divine law
      Correct answer: Scientific method
      Herbal method
      Humoural method

      Q3.
      The , invented in the 1590s, allowed people to see tiny living organisms?

      Correct Answer: microscope, Microscope

      Q4.
      What kind of metal was often used to treat the disease syphilis, even though it was poisonous?

      Lead
      Correct answer: Mercury
      Iron
      Copper

      Q5.
      were hospitals that isolated plague victims.

      Correct Answer: Pesthouses, pesthouses

      Q6.
      What process in the 1530s caused many Church-run hospitals to close?

      Correct answer: Reformation
      Industrialisation
      Enlightenment
      Colonisation

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is the state of being unable to catch a specific disease known as?

      Correct answer: immunity
      inoculation
      vaccination
      vulnerability

      Q2.
      What was King George III's attitude towards inoculation?

      hostile
      neutral
      Correct answer: supportive

      Q3.
      Who discovered the smallpox vaccine?

      Correct Answer: Edward Jenner, Jenner

      Q4.
      When did smallpox vaccines become compulsory in the UK?

      1797
      1825
      Correct answer: 1853
      1881

      Q5.
      Which of the following groups were initially most opposed to smallpox vaccines?

      Correct answer: the Church
      Correct answer: inoculators
      the British government
      the Royal Family

      Q6.
      Starting with the earliest, sort the following events into chronological order.

      1 - Inoculation was first introduced to Britain.
      2 - Royal Family helped to popularise inoculations.
      3 - Smallpox vaccine was discovered.
      4 - British government made smallpox vaccinations compulsory.
      5 - Smallpox death rate fell to an average of just 21 people per million.

      To help you plan your 10 history lesson on: Edward Jenner and vaccination, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...