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      The growth of hospital care in the 19th century

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can evaluate the impact of Florence Nightingale on hospital care in the 19th century.

      Key learning points

      1. Most hospitals were unsanitary and staffed by untrained nurses.
      2. Hospitalism referred to the high risk of infection for patients.
      3. Florence Nightingale's reputation helped her promote change.
      4. The Nightingale School for Nurses improved nurses' standards and reputation.
      5. Many hospitals were built according to pavilion plans from the 1860s onwards.

      Keywords

      • Sanitary - relating to preventing disease by removing dirt and waste

      • Infirmary - a hospital

      • Ward - a room in a hospital where people receiving treatment stay

      Common misconception

      Florence Nightingale encouraged reforms based on her acceptance of Germ Theory.

      A lot of Nightingale's ideas were informed by the idea of miasma and how to protect people from it.

      Teacher tip

      Ask pupils to compare the work of Florence Nightingale and Joseph Lister: 'who do they think was more important for protecting hospital patients' health?'.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of mental health issues

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is a substance that makes you unable to feel pain known as?

      Correct Answer: anaesthetic

      Q2.
      Which surgical problem was the use of ether supposed to help manage?

      blood loss
      infection
      Correct answer: pain

      Q3.
      Who pioneered the use of carbolic acid to sterilise wounds?

      James Blundell
      James Simpson
      John Snow
      Correct answer: Joseph Lister

      Q4.
      Which of the following was a method used as part of aseptic surgery?

      using anaesthetics
      spraying carbolic acid
      Correct answer: steam cleaning equipment

      Q5.
      Which medical theory inspired Jospeh Lister's work?

      Correct answer: Germ Theory
      miasma
      Theory of the Four Humours

      Q6.
      Starting with the earliest, sort the following developments into chronological order.

      1 - Most hospitals were run by the Catholic Church.
      2 - The Dissolution of the Monasteries took place.
      3 - New hospitals like St Guy's were founded.
      4 - Hospital conditions became increasingly unsanitary.

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Write the missing word. is another word used to refer to a hospital.

      Correct Answer: infirmary

      Q2.
      Which group was the drunken and incompetent Dickens character Sarah Gamp associated with?

      doctors
      Correct answer: nurses
      surgeons
      wise women

      Q3.
      Write the missing word. The danger infection posed to hospital patients was referred to as in the 19th century.

      Correct Answer: hospitalism

      Q4.
      How many nurses were trained at the Nightingale School for Nurses between 1860 and 1903?

      20
      almost 200
      Correct answer: almost 2000
      almost 20 000

      Q5.
      Which medical explanation encouraged Florence Nightingale to promote pavilion plans for hospitals?

      Germ Theory
      Correct answer: miasma
      spotaneous generation

      Q6.
      Which statement is correct?

      Nightingale nurses only worked in London.
      Nightingale nurses only treated rich patients.
      Nightingale nurses still had poor reputations.
      Correct answer: Nightingale nurses improved hospital care in workhouses.

      To help you plan your 10 history lesson on: The growth of hospital care in the 19th century, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...