New
New
Year 10
Edexcel

The historical context of medicine in the early 20th century

I can assess the impact of advancements in medicine by the start of the 20th century.

New
New
Year 10
Edexcel

The historical context of medicine in the early 20th century

I can assess the impact of advancements in medicine by the start of the 20th century.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Images produced using X-rays supported diagnosis and surgical treatments.
  2. Aseptic surgery aimed to sterilise surgical environments.
  3. The existence of different blood groups was discovered in 1901.
  4. Blood clotting restricted the circumstances in which blood transfusions could be performed.

Keywords

  • Invasive - in this context, medical treatments which involve cutting into the body

  • Sterilise - to make something free from microbes

  • Microbe - any living organism which is too small to be seen without a microscope

  • Transfusion - the process of adding an amount of blood to a person’s body

  • Clotting - the process in which blood changes into a solid state to form a thick mass or lump

Common misconception

Attempts to prevent infections during surgery mainly focused mainly on antiseptic methods by the start of the 20th century.

Antiseptic methods remained in use but methods of aseptic surgery were also commonly practiced by the start of the 20th century to prevent infections.


To help you plan your year 10 history lesson on: The historical context of medicine in the early 20th century, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

Task B can be completed by having pupils annotate the image provided. Instruct pupils to first label a feature and then to expand on this by saying why the feature would help prevent infections. Alternatively, pupils could identify a feature not shown in the image which could prevent infections.
Teacher tip

Equipment

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering
  • Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

Supervision

Adult supervision required

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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Prior knowledge starter quiz

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6 Questions

Q1.
Match each term with its correct definition.

Correct Answer:diagnosis,to say what is wrong with someone who is sick

to say what is wrong with someone who is sick

Correct Answer:treatment,methods used to help cure someone or manage their illness

methods used to help cure someone or manage their illness

Correct Answer:prevention,methods used to stop people becoming unwell

methods used to stop people becoming unwell

Q2.
Germ Theory accurately claimed that decay was caused by .

Correct Answer: mircobes, germs, bacteria

Q3.
Which substance was sometimes used as an anaesthetic in the medieval period?

chloroform
ether
mercury
Correct answer: opium

Q4.
In which century did William Harvey challenge Galen's ideas about blood in the human body?

13th century
15th century
Correct answer: 17th century
19th century
21st century

Q5.
Which statement about surgery in the mid-19th century is correct?

Correct answer: Deaths from infections became more common.
Deaths from infections became less common.
Deaths from infections remained at the same level as in the early 19th century.

Q6.
Starting with the earliest, sort the following events into chronological order.

1 - Great Plague blamed on miasma
2 - spontaneous generation used to explain outbreaks of disease
3 - Germ Theory published by Louis Pasteur
4 - scientists began to argue that genes pass on some disease
5 - proven that smoking can cause cancer

Assessment exit quiz

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6 Questions

Q1.
Which word means 'to make something free from microbes'?

cauterise
contaminatine
quarantine
Correct answer: sterilise

Q2.
People suffering from serious blood loss can go into a condition known as .

Correct Answer: shock

Q3.
Which of the following problems would X-rays most commonly be used to diagnose?

Correct answer: broken bones
infections
mental illnesses

Q4.
Which blood group is considered a universal donor group?

Correct Answer: O

Q5.
Which statement is correct?

By 1900, only antiseptic methods were practised in surgery.
By 1900, only aseptic methods were practised in surgery.
By 1900, neither antiseptic nor aseptic methods were practised in surgery.
Correct answer: By 1900, both antiseptic and aseptic methods were practised in surgery.

Q6.
Starting with the earliest, sort the following developments into chronological order.

1 - first successful blood transfusion
2 - Louis Pasteur published his Germ Theory
3 - Joseph Lister encouraged the use of carbolic acid to sterilise wounds
4 - X-rays discovered
5 - blood groups discovered

Additional material

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