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      Composing in a Kuku or Warabadon style

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can create a drumming composition in the style of Kuku or Warabadon.

      Key learning points

      1. Composing a rhythmic piece in the style of either Kuku (in 4/4) or Warabadon (in 12/8).
      2. A successful Kuku or Warabadon structure includes a call, break, échauffement and solo sections.
      3. Composing and performing two contrasting ostinato patterns as the basis of our piece.
      4. Developing these within the structure, creating a polyrhythmic section with an improvised solo.

      Keywords

      • Ostinato - a repeated pattern

      • Structure - the different sections of a piece of music and how the piece is organised

      • 4/4 - a time signature with four beats in a bar

      • 12/8 - a time signature with twelve quavers in a bar; these are in four groups of three

      Common misconception

      Composing a rhyhtm means creating something totally original

      Successful compositions often take some ideas from other pieces and do something new with it, so adapting rhythms from the drumming pieces you have already played is acceptable and can help in finding the right type of rhythms and the right style.

      Teacher tip

      If pupils need support creating their own ideas they can adapt the djembe 1 part for either Kuku or Warabadon. They could also write additional parts or revise parts from one of the existing pieces.

      Equipment

      Djembe and dunduns can be replaced with bass, mid and treble versions of any untuned percussion. You can also use cupped hands (bass), palm clap (tone) and full clap (slap) as an alternative.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What are the three sounds of a djembe drum?

      Correct answer: bass
      dun
      Correct answer: tone
      ku
      Correct answer: slap

      Q2.
      What is the term for creating music on the spot?

      Correct Answer: Improvisation, Improvising, Improvise

      Q3.
      In compound time, a beat is divided into groups of rather than groups of two or four.

      1
      2
      Correct answer: 3
      4
      5

      Q4.
      What word defines a continually repeated musical idea or rhythm?

      progression
      Correct answer: ostinato
      break
      polyrhythm
      solo

      Q5.
      A short phrase to break up the main rhythms is called a

      call
      Correct answer: break
      echauffement
      response
      solo

      Q6.
      A featured part of a composition played by one person is a

      Correct Answer: solo

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is an ostinato?

      A single rhythm played once.
      Many different rhythms played at the same time.
      Correct answer: A continually repeated musical idea or rhythm.
      A rhythm that changes every bar.

      Q2.
      Kuku is in 4/4 time and Warabadon is in time

      2/4
      Correct answer: 12/8
      3/4
      5/4

      Q3.
      The arrangement and ordering of sections within a piece of music is called the

      Correct Answer: structure

      Q4.
      What type of notation is a visual form of representing rhythm and pitch?

      sign notation
      drawn notation
      stave notation
      Correct answer: grid notation

      Q5.
      Which sections would we hear in a traditional Africa drumming structure?

      Correct answer: call
      chorus
      verse
      Correct answer: echauffment
      Correct answer: break

      Q6.
      Playing 2 or more different rhythms at once creates a

      Correct Answer: polyrhythm, polyrhythms

      To help you plan your 8 music lesson on: Composing in a Kuku or Warabadon style, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...