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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can play the Kuku rhythm with the different sections, including a solo.

      Key learning points

      1. The structure of Kuku includes various different sections.
      2. The call arrives between every section.
      3. Part 3 contains solos which are performed by the djembefola. These can be prepared or improvised.
      4. The piece ends with an échauffement which is used to speed up or signal the end of the performance.
      5. Preparing a performance of the full Kuku structure which includes a prepared or improvised solo.

      Keywords

      • Call - a phrase that signals a piece is going to start, change or end

      • Échauffement - a phrase that is used to build to the climax of a piece

      • Break - a short phrase that breaks up the main rhythms

      • Solo - a featured part of a composition played by one person

      • Improvisation - creating music on the spot

      Common misconception

      The solo section has to be made up in the moment.

      The solo section can use ideas that are already planned. This is a good starting point for adding solos to build confidence and then build up to doing improvised ideas.

      Teacher tip

      When improvising, allow pupils to make mistakes and express themselves and praise anything that worked, no matter how small. Teach as a whole class or break down into smaller groups with more able pupils taking the lead. Take the time to recap the rhythms before introducing the échauffement section.

      Equipment

      Djembe and dunduns can be replaced with bass, mid and treble versions of any untuned percussion. You can also use cupped hands (bass), palm clap (tone) and full clap (slap) as an alternative.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is syncopation?

      An 'on beat' rhythm that emphasises (accents) notes on the main beats.
      A constantly changing rhythm that emphasises (accents) no particular notes.
      Correct answer: An 'off beat' rhythm that emphasises (accents) notes in between the main beats.
      An 'up beat' rhythm that gets faster each bar

      Q2.
      What is Kuku?

      Correct answer: a dance
      Correct answer: a rhythm
      a type of drum
      a country in West Africa

      Q3.
      refers to how fast or slow the music is

      Correct Answer: Tempo

      Q4.
      The Kenkeni dundun part plays

      the syncopation
      the off beats
      Correct answer: the pulse
      the rests

      Q5.
      Many different rhythms parts that fit together creates a

      Correct Answer: polyrhythm, polyrhythms

      Q6.
      A piece of music with 4 beats in the bar would be counted in with beats

      2
      3
      Correct answer: 4
      5

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is used as an ending phrase for the climax of a piece?

      call
      break
      Correct answer: echauffement
      solo
      improvisation

      Q2.
      A featured part of a composition played by one person is a

      Correct Answer: solo

      Q3.
      The phrase that signals a piece is going to start, change or end is know as the

      Correct Answer: call

      Q4.
      Kenkeni, Sangban and Dundunba are played by which African drum?

      djembe
      Correct answer: dundun
      apitua
      snare
      surdo

      Q5.
      What is the term for creating music on the spot?

      Correct Answer: improvisation, improvising

      Q6.
      Which of these are common features of solos in African drumming?

      Correct answer: improvisation
      written down
      simple rhythms
      Correct answer: complex rhythms
      Correct answer: syncopation

      To help you plan your 8 music lesson on: Kuku - structure and solo parts, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...