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New
Lesson 4 of 5
  • Year 10
  • Edexcel

The voice in Western classical music

I can explain the various ways that voices have been used throughout the periods of Western classical music.

Lesson 4 of 5
New
New
  • Year 10
  • Edexcel

The voice in Western classical music

I can explain the various ways that voices have been used throughout the periods of Western classical music.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Composers have used voices in many different ways.
  2. Solo songs, such as lieder, were particularly common from the Romantic period onwards.
  3. They often used techniques such as word-painting and melisma.
  4. Opera used solo singers, a chorus and orchestra to tell epic stories, using arias and recitative.
  5. In the Baroque period, oratorios and anthems are two key genres of vocal music.

Keywords

  • Choir / chorus - a group of singers, often including soprano, alto, tenor and bass voices (SATB)

  • Lied - a solo song, most common in the Romantic period, usually with piano accompaniment (plural 'lieder')

  • Recitative - a vocal style that sounds semi-spoken, often used for dialogue in opera

  • Word-painting - where a vocal melody reflects the meaning of the words (e.g. a descending melody on the word ‘falls’)

  • Melisma - where multiple notes are sung during one syllable of a word

Common misconception

Oratorios and anthems are essentially the same - they are both religious, with similar musical features.

Anthems often are a capella, whereas oratorios always have orchestral accompaniment. Oratorios are long pieces of music, consisting of numerous songs that tell a biblical story. Anthems are shorter songs that are used as part of a Christian service.


To help you plan your year 10 music lesson on: The voice in Western classical music, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

If possible, explore some broader choral repertoire with pupils. Listening exercises based on Baroque madrigals are a good starting point, focusing on the vocal techniques and the way the voices are used. To broaden learning, explore Brahms' German Requiem as an example of later choral music.
Teacher tip

Equipment

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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Prior knowledge starter quiz

Download quiz pdf

6 Questions

Q1.
music is music composed for a small ensemble.

Theatre
Correct answer: Chamber
Concert Hall

Q2.
What is a trio sonata?

Correct answer: A piece of music for two melodic instruments and basso continuo.
A piece of music for two melodic instruments and piano.
A piece of music for any three instruments.

Q3.
How many instruments are in an octet?

Correct Answer: Eight, 8

Q4.
What is the traditional instrumentation of a piano trio?

three pianos
Correct answer: a piano with any other two instruments
two pianos and a solo instrument

Q5.
Which of these instrumental combinations would be considered a solo? (Choose all that apply)

Correct answer: piano
Correct answer: flute with piano accompaniment
flute and clarinet
a string quartet

Q6.
Which movement of a string quartet would you expect to be slow?

first
Correct answer: second
third
fourth

Assessment exit quiz

Download quiz pdf

6 Questions

Q1.
Put these voice types in order from highest to lowest.

1 - soprano
2 - alto
3 - tenor
4 - bass

Q2.
Which is a solo song for voice with piano accompaniment from the Romantic period?

aria
ballad
Correct answer: leid
oratorio

Q3.
What is word-painting?

Where multiple notes are sung during one syllable of a word.
Correct answer: Where the melody imitates the literal meaning of a word.
Where the melody is almost spoken and stays on the same note.

Q4.
Which is the word for using multiple notes during one syllable?

Correct answer: melisma
vibrato
opera

Q5.
Which two are the key song types in opera?

Correct answer: aria
ballad
Correct answer: recitative
hymn
oratorio

Q6.
What is an oratorio?

Correct answer: A work for chorus and orchestra with a sacred theme.
A work for chorus and orchestra to be performed in religious services.
A work for choir with a sacred theme