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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how the census asks about religion and what the results can and cannot tell us about religion in England and Wales.

      Key learning points

      1. There are key differences regarding the religion data from the 2011 and 2021 census data.
      2. The census asks people a voluntary question, "What is your religion?".
      3. It can tell us important things about religion but we must interpet it carefully and ask questions about it as a source.
      4. There are reasons why people may not answer or answer the question in a particular way.
      5. Censuses have been used for thousands of years to find out population data, including around the time of Jesus.

      Keywords

      • Census - an official count of a country’s population, usually including details like age, sex, and occupation

      • Voluntary - done by choice, without being forced

      • Multi-religious - involving or including people who follow different religions

      • Religious affiliation - a person's connection or association with a specific religion

      Common misconception

      The census tells us how many people follow a religion in England and Wales.

      The census can only tell us what people ticked in the census. This may not be the reality.

      Teacher tip

      Take a look at your school's local area religion data using the Office for National Statistics website.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      5 Questions

      Q1.
      When did England become a predominantly Christian country?

      1215
      Correct answer: the 600s
      1066

      Q2.
      Who is the head of the Church of England?

      the Prime Minister
      the Archbishop of Canterbury
      Correct answer: the monarch

      Q3.
      What is religion?

      Correct answer: a belief system often involving faith, values, and practices
      a personal hobby involving stories and rituals
      a political movement with no connection to belief

      Q4.
      What does it mean if someone celebrates religious festivals but has no faith?

      Correct answer: They are taking part in cultural traditions.
      They are secretly religious.
      They are breaking religious rules.

      Q5.
      When did Muslims first come to Britain?

      in the 20th century
      Correct answer: the 700s
      after World War II

      5 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the key word to its correct meaning.

      Correct Answer:census,an official count of a population

      an official count of a population

      Correct Answer:voluntary,done by choice, without being forced

      done by choice, without being forced

      Correct Answer:multi-religious,including people who follow different religions

      including people who follow different religions

      Correct Answer:religious affiliation,a person’s connection with a specific religion

      a person’s connection with a specific religion

      Q2.
      97 of the population of England and Wales completed the 2021 census (around 57.7 million people).

      Correct Answer: %, percent

      Q3.
      A census is held every years in England and Wales.

      Correct Answer: 10, ten

      Q4.
      Which of these religious groups increased in number between 2011 and 2021?

      Correct answer: Muslim, Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist
      only Christians and Jews
      only people with no religion

      Q5.
      The census tells us how many people follow a religion in England and Wales.

      True – it records people’s beliefs and practices.
      Correct answer: False – it shows only what people ticked, not what they believe.
      False – it measures church attendance and prayer.

      To help you plan your 9 religious education lesson on: Interpreting the 2021 census data, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...