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      Khalifah: Muslim perspectives on the Earth

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can investigate Muslim attitudes to the Earth and explain how some Muslims live out being a khalifah.

      Key learning points

      1. Within Islam, there is a vision for how to care for the Earth.
      2. The Qur'an speaks of humans are khalifahs who protect the Earth.
      3. The Qur’an emphasises Tawhid and mizan in the khalifah’s role, highlighting the duty to prevent fasad.
      4. Cambridge Central Mosque and Easton Jamia Mosque support Muslims in living out this vision in real, practical ways.

      Keywords

      • Tawhid - oneness of God

      • Mizan - balance and harmonyin the universe

      • Khalifah - human stewardship and responsbility for the Earth

      • Fasad - corruption and disruption of God’s natural order

      Common misconception

      Students may think that Islam doesn't have much to say about environmental ethics.

      Islamic teachings provide a strong and ancient vision for sustainable living.

      Teacher tip

      Cambridge Central Mosque and Easton Jamia Mosque have excellent resources to supplement this lesson or for further research. A Muslims' guide to climate change is freely available. Students could look at the examples from the hadith and Qur'an to analyse what practical action is suggested and why.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      5 Questions

      Q1.
      What does the idea of stewardship encourage people to do?

      care for nature as if it belongs to them
      Correct answer: look after the Earth on behalf of God
      control nature using scientific knowledge

      Q2.
      Which word best describes the belief that humans are the most important part of the universe?

      stewardship
      dominion
      Correct answer: anthropocentric

      Q3.
      What belief is linked to the idea that humans can use the Earth’s resources freely?

      Correct answer: dominion
      stewardship
      environmentalism

      Q4.
      What is philosophy?

      a way of creating religious laws
      Correct answer: a way of exploring big questions using reason and logic
      a method for memorising facts about nature

      Q5.
      What did philosopher Mary Midgley say about the view that humans are above nature?

      It’s supported by the Bible.
      It helps people respect animals.
      Correct answer: It leads to environmental destruction.

      5 Questions

      Q1.
      Match each key word to its correct meaning.

      Correct Answer:Mizan,balance and harmony in the universe

      balance and harmony in the universe

      Correct Answer:Khalifah,human stewardship and responsibility for the Earth

      human stewardship and responsibility for the Earth

      Correct Answer:Rahmah,mercy, compassion and kindness towards all creation

      mercy, compassion and kindness towards all creation

      Q2.
      When humans break the balance Allah created in the world, they cause .

      Correct Answer: fasad, Fasad

      Q3.
      Which of the following shows rahmah?

      cutting down forests for wood
      Correct answer: helping injured animals and planting trees
      using more plastic for convenience

      Q4.
      What is one way the Cambridge Central Mosque shows care for the Earth?

      Correct answer: by using solar panels and rainwater recycling
      by encouraging more driving to the mosque
      by holding large festivals every weekend

      Q5.
      Islam doesn’t have much to say about environmental ethics.

      True – The Qur’an is only about prayer and worship.
      False – Muslims only care about the afterlife, not nature.
      Correct answer: False – Islamic teachings promote sustainable living and care for Earth.

      To help you plan your 9 religious education lesson on: Khalifah: Muslim perspectives on the Earth, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...