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      Wangari Maathai and the Green Belt Movement

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how Wangari Maathai's worldview inspired her environmental activism.

      Key learning points

      1. Wangari Maathai was a Kenyan environmental activist who became the first African woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
      2. Wangari Maathai started the Green Belt Movement to plant trees in Kenya and fight for women's rights.
      3. Wangari Maathai’s worldview blended her indigenous Kikuyu beliefs with Catholic Christianity.
      4. She argued that the land was sacred and was exploited by colonialism and ideas of dominion from the Bible.
      5. She emphasised re-reading the Bible alongside indigenous beliefs to argue against the exploitation of land.

      Keywords

      • Kikuyu - one of Kenya’s largest ethnic groups or micro-nations

      • Activist - a person who campaigns to bring about political or social change

      • Colonialism - taking control of a country and exploiting the resources and people

      • Dominion - the idea that God gave humans control over nature

      • Stewardship - the idea that humanity should look after the world God has created

      Common misconception

      Environmental activism and protest is primarily a European concern.

      Wangari Maathai blended her Catholic and Kikuyu beliefs to argue for environmental justice in Kenya. She framed this through a distinctively African theological lens.

      Teacher tip

      Wangari Maathai was an inspirational speaker. You may wish to find clips of her speaking. Her story 'The Little Hummingbird' is very simple, and in it she discusses how no-one is too small to make a change.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      How did Mercy Amba Oduyoye’s childhood shape her theology?

      she grew up only with Christian influences
      Correct answer: she observed the effects of colonialism and the patriarchy
      she rejected both Christianity and Akan traditions

      Q2.
      What did Oduyoye aim to challenge in Christianity?

      the role of faith in African culture
      Correct answer: the patriarchal and colonial influences on theology
      the idea that women should participate in religion

      Q3.
      What is a key feature of African Women’s Theology?

      it focuses only on academic theology and doctrine
      Correct answer: it is rooted in lived experiences and community
      it rejects Christianity entirely

      Q4.
      How did Oduyoye view the relationship between African culture and Christianity?

      that African culture had no place in Christianity
      that only Western Christianity was valid
      Correct answer: that Christianity should be reinterpreted through African traditions

      Q5.
      Oduyoye’s feared that Western Christianity made African women invisible.

      Correct Answer: mother, Mother

      Q6.
      The of Concerned African Women Theologians created space for women to share their theological perspectives.

      Correct Answer: Circle, circle

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Why did Wangari Maathai believe planting trees was important?

      Correct answer: trees provide food, stabilise soil and improve water retention
      trees are mainly planted for religious ceremonies
      trees have no real impact on communities

      Q2.
      What did Wangari Maathai believe about dominion?

      that it justified humans using nature however they wanted
      Correct answer: that it was a misunderstanding and should be replaced with stewardship
      that it meant humans should destroy nature

      Q3.
      Why did Wangari Maathai use the story of the hummingbird?

      Correct answer: to show that small actions can make a big difference
      to prove that animals are smarter than humans
      to discourage people from trying to help

      Q4.
      What was one of the main influences on Wangari Maathai’s activism?

      her focus on wealth and power
      her desire to leave Kenya permanently
      Correct answer: her belief that nature was sacred

      Q5.
      The Bible teaches , which is the idea that humans should care for the environment as God’s creation.

      Correct Answer: stewardship, Stewardship

      Q6.
      In 2004, Wangari Maathai became the first African woman to win the Nobel Prize for her environmental activism.

      Correct Answer: Peace, peace

      To help you plan your 9 religious education lesson on: Wangari Maathai and the Green Belt Movement, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...