New
New
Year 9

Using ijtihad to understand differing Muslim attitudes to music

I can analyse different Islamic sources to better understand different Muslim worldviews regarding music.

New
New
Year 9

Using ijtihad to understand differing Muslim attitudes to music

I can analyse different Islamic sources to better understand different Muslim worldviews regarding music.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. The topic of music is something debated in Islam as to whether it is halal or haram.
  2. Some Muslims believe that music is haram and interpret Islamic sources to make this argument.
  3. Other Muslims interpret the sources differently to argue certain forms of music are permissible.
  4. Analysing the way the different sources have been interpreted can allow us to better understand Muslim worldviews.

Keywords

  • Halal - actions or things which are permitted within Islam

  • Haram - any actions or things which are forbidden within Islam

  • Ijtihad - the human effort and reasoning used to work out the Shariah

  • Shariah - a set of moral and religious laws that guide Muslims

  • Worldview - a person's way of understanding, experiencing and responding to the world

Common misconception

All Muslims think that music is haram or forbidden.

There is a diversity of Islamic worldviews regarding whether music can be listened to and the types of music that are permissible.


To help you plan your year 9 religious education lesson on: Using ijtihad to understand differing Muslim attitudes to music, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

Listen to a clip from Muslim musician Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan.
Teacher tip

Equipment

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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Prior knowledge starter quiz

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5 Questions

Q1.
After Prophet Muhammad’s death, Muslims faced new not directly answered in scripture.

Correct Answer: issues, Issues

Q2.
What makes ijtihad different from personal opinion?

Correct answer: It is based on religious sources and deep thought.
It ignores the Qur’an.
It doesn’t require knowledge.

Q3.
Why is the Prophet’s approval of ijtihad important?

It allowed non-Muslims access.
Correct answer: It allowed flexibility in applying Islam.
It rejected traditional teachings.

Q4.
Which of the following could be addressed using ijtihad?

traditional camel care
sand collection
Correct answer: nuclear weapons

Q5.
Different scholars may reach different based on interpretation.

Correct Answer: conclusions, Conclusions

Assessment exit quiz

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5 Questions

Q1.
A worldview shapes how a person understands, , and responds to life.

Correct Answer: experiences, Experiences

Q2.
What can influence scholars’ interpretation of Shariah?

the Prophet's birth month
a type of prayer
Correct answer: their worldview and context

Q3.
Music is debated as being either halal or ...

Correct Answer: haram, Haram

Q4.
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan's music showed love and towards Allah.

Correct Answer: devotion, Devotion

Q5.
Which factor influences whether music is considered halal?

the musician’s nationality
Correct answer: its purpose and content
volume level