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      Compassion and loving-kindness

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain the significance of compassion and loving-kindness and how Buddhists might develop it today.

      Key learning points

      1. Compassion (karuna) is a significant quality to develop and forms part of the four sublime states.
      2. Compassion is significant in Mahayana Buddhism because it's a quality Buddhists need to develop to become a Bodhisattva.
      3. Wisdom must be developed alongside compassion.
      4. Loving-kindness is known as 'metta' in Buddhism.
      5. Developing loving-kindness is important because it helps avoid greed and hatred, which form part of the three poisons.

      Keywords

      • Compassion (karuna) - sympathy and concern for the suffering of others

      • Loving-kindness (metta) - a pure love which is selfless and not possessive

      • The four sublime states - four qualities the Buddha taught should be developed

      Common misconception

      Compassion (karuna) and loving-kindness (metta) are the same thing.

      Loving-kindness is a pure love, selfless and not possessive. For example, wanting your friend to be happy without wanting anything in return. Compassion might arise if your friend is suffering and you want to help them and reduce their suffering.

      Teacher tip

      Research the Karuna Trust charity to consolidate the learning in this lesson.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Buddhists believe that a person is after death, continuing the cycle of samsara.

      Correct Answer: reborn, Reborn, re-born

      Q2.
      What do Buddhists hope to achieve by escaping samsara?

      a higher rebirth
      Correct answer: Nirvana/Nibbana
      becoming a teacher

      Q3.
      Why is acting with compassion (karuna) important in Buddhism?

      it pleases the Buddha
      it is only for monks and nuns
      Correct answer: it reduces dukkha for others

      Q4.
      What do most Mahayana Buddhists aim for after gaining enlightenment?

      Correct answer: to be reborn as a Bodhisattva
      to leave the world forever
      to teach only monks

      Q5.
      Which of the following is one of the Five Moral Precepts?

      meditate every morning
      Correct answer: refrain from wrong speech
      avoid eating meat

      Q6.
      What is a common misunderstanding about karma and rebirth in Buddhism?

      that it only applies after death
      that karma is just a reward system
      Correct answer: that a permanent soul is reborn each time

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Compassion, known as in Buddhism, is the desire to help relieve the suffering of others.

      Correct Answer: karuna, Karuna

      Q2.
      Loving-kindness is known as in Buddhism and is a quality Buddhists try to develop for all beings.

      Correct Answer: metta, Metta

      Q3.
      Why is compassion (karuna) especially important in Mahayana Buddhism?

      it leads to Nirvana
      it replaces meditation
      Correct answer: it is needed to become a Bodhisattva

      Q4.
      What is one way Buddhists might develop loving-kindness (metta)?

      by attending festivals
      Correct answer: by meditating on goodwill
      by giving up all desires

      Q5.
      What is a common mistake people make about karuna and metta?

      that they are emotions
      that they are part of the Eightfold Path
      Correct answer: that they mean the same thing

      Q6.
      What is the difference between karuna and metta?

      Correct answer: karuna is about suffering, metta is about happiness
      metta is about helping, karuna is about loving
      there is no real difference

      To help you plan your 10 religious education lesson on: Compassion and loving-kindness, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...