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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain Buddhist beliefs on kamma and rebirth, why these beliefs are important and how they influence Buddhists today.

      Key learning points

      1. Karma/kamma is the belief in cause and effect.
      2. Most Theravada Buddhists want to achieve positive karma/kamma to avoid samsara and rebirth.
      3. Most Mahayana Buddhists want to achieve positive karma/kamma to be reborn as a Bodhisattva.
      4. Compassion (karuna) and loving-kindness (metta) are ways to achieve positive karma/kamma.
      5. Many Buddhists adopt the five moral precepts (panchasila).

      Keywords

      • Enlightenment - a state of wisdom that enables total clarity and understanding of the truths of existence

      • Karma/kamma - the belief in cause and effect

      • Nirvana/Nibbana - liberation from the cycle of birth, death and rebirth

      • Rebirth - refers to the belief that when a being dies they are reborn

      • Samsara - the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth

      Common misconception

      Karma and rebirth is the belief in a 'self' or 'soul' that is reborn. Many people assume that karma dictates the fate of a permanent, unchanging soul that carries over from one life to the next.

      There is no eternal, unchanging self or soul. Instead, Buddhism teaches the concept of anatta, meaning 'no-self'. What is reborn is not a permanent soul, but a continuing process or stream of consciousness influenced by past actions (karma).

      Teacher tip

      Karuna and metta are two of the four sublime states in Buddhism.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Where was Siddhartha Gautama born?

      Sri Lanka
      Correct answer: Nepal (Lumbini)
      Tibet

      Q2.
      What does Wesak celebrate?

      the Buddha’s enlightenment only
      the Buddha’s birth and parinirvana only
      Correct answer: the Buddha’s birth, enlightenment and passing away

      Q3.
      Why is Wesak considered to be the most important Buddhist festival?

      Correct answer: it commemorates all key stages of the Buddha’s spiritual journey
      it celebrates the start of the monastic calendar
      it marks the day of the Buddha’s first sermon

      Q4.
      Which of the following is not a common practice during Wesak?

      Correct answer: animal sacrifices
      meditation
      making offerings

      Q5.
      One common Wesak practice is lighting to symbolise enlightenment.

      Correct Answer: lanterns, Lanterns

      Q6.
      What event does Parinirvana Day commemorate?

      the Buddha’s birth
      the Buddha’s enlightenment
      Correct answer: the Buddha’s final passing into Nibbana

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      In Buddhism, the cycle of birth, death and new life is called .

      Correct Answer: rebirth, re-birth

      Q2.
      Kamma is the belief that every action has a and leads to an effect.

      Correct Answer: cause

      Q3.
      Why do most Theravada Buddhists want to achieve positive kamma?

      to gain material wealth
      to become a Bodhisattva
      Correct answer: to avoid samsara and rebirth

      Q4.
      How can Buddhists generate positive kamma?

      by gaining wisdom through study
      Correct answer: by showing compassion and loving-kindness
      by praying to the Buddha

      Q5.
      What do many Mahayana Buddhists aim to become?

      a Buddha in one lifetime
      a monk or nun
      Correct answer: a Bodhisattva

      Q6.
      Why do many Buddhists follow the Five Moral Precepts?

      Correct answer: to avoid unskilful actions that lead to negative kamma
      to show obedience to religious leaders
      to gain respect from society

      To help you plan your 10 religious education lesson on: Kamma and rebirth, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...