New
New
Year 10
AQA

The six perfections in the Mahayana tradition: meditation and wisom

I can explain the six perfections: meditation and wisdom, why they are important and how they can be developed.

New
New
Year 10
AQA

The six perfections in the Mahayana tradition: meditation and wisom

I can explain the six perfections: meditation and wisdom, why they are important and how they can be developed.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. The six perfections (paramitas) are virtues that guide how a Bodhisattva should live their life.
  2. The perfections help Buddhists progress toward Buddhahood and ultimately achieve enlightenment.
  3. Meditation is the fifth of the six perfections and is vital in developing insight and wisdom.
  4. The sixth perfection is wisdom, the realisation that all phenomena is empty of inherent existence (sunyata).

Keywords

  • Bodhisattva - an enlightened being, who postpones their final escape from samsara in order to help living beings

  • Buddhahood - reaching enlightenment

  • Meditation - a spiritual experience that opens a person up to the highest state of consciousness

  • The six perfections/paramitas - ethical principles in Mahayana Buddhism to lead a being to enlightenment

  • Wisdom - insight into the true nature of reality

Common misconception

Wisdom means gaining intellectual knowledge or philosophical understanding.

In the context of the perfections, wisdom isn’t about collecting facts or debating philosophy, it is about experiencing the truth of emptiness (sunyata).


To help you plan your year 10 religious education lesson on: The six perfections in the Mahayana tradition: meditation and wisom, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

Teach the five skandhas/aggregates, interdependent arising/origination and the Heart Sutra to consolidate the learning in this lesson.
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This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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Prior knowledge starter quiz

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6 Questions

Q1.
The perfections are important for Bodhisattvas working towards Buddhahood.
Correct Answer: six, Six, 6
Q2.
The perfection of helps Buddhists endure hardship without anger.
Correct Answer: patience, Patience
Q3.
What is a way a Buddhist can develop energy (virya)?
by ignoring suffering
by avoiding meditation
Correct answer: by making a strong effort to follow the Dhamma
Q4.
In Mahayana Buddhism, what is a Bodhisattva?
Correct answer: a being who delays final enlightenment to help others
a teacher of meditation only
a ruler of a Buddhist community
Q5.
Why is patience important for someone following the Bodhisattva path?
it helps them to get rich
Correct answer: it helps them to endure suffering without anger
it helps them to avoid helping others
Q6.
What is the real meaning of using energy in Buddhism?
to always stay cheerful
Correct answer: to develop mental strength and effort
to quickly achieve success

Assessment exit quiz

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6 Questions

Q1.
Match each Buddhist term to its meaning.
Correct Answer:Bodhisattva,an enlightened being, who postpones their final escape from samsara

an enlightened being, who postpones their final escape from samsara

Correct Answer:Buddhahood,reaching enlightenment

reaching enlightenment

Correct Answer:the six perfections,ethical principles to lead a being to enlightenment

ethical principles to lead a being to enlightenment

Q2.
According to the Dhammapada, wisdom from meditation.
Correct Answer: springs, Springs
Q3.
Which perfection is about realising the emptiness of all things?
meditation
generosity
Correct answer: wisdom
Q4.
Some people think wisdom is just gaining knowledge. What is the Buddhist view?
wisdom means collecting information
Correct answer: wisdom is understanding emptiness
wisdom is knowing many facts
Q5.
What analogy did Thich Nhat Hanh use to explain sunyata?
a mountain and a river
a diamond shining brightly
Correct answer: a flower needing soil, sunlight, and rain
Q6.
The skandhas are form, sensation, perception, mental formations, and consciousness.
Correct Answer: five, 5