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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how a Christian’s personal conviction may lead them to break the law, using Dietrich Bonhoeffer as an example.

      Key learning points

      1. Personal conviction is a deeply held belief that leads someone to act according to their principles
      2. Christians are generally taught to obey the law
      3. Conscience is central to personal conviction, with different denominations emphasising its role in moral decision-making
      4. Personal conviction may override the law when the law is unjust, as Jesus’ teachings prioritise justice and mercy
      5. Bonhoeffer’s resistance to the Nazis illustrates how Christian faith can lead to opposing immoral laws

      Keywords

      • Conscience - the faculty said to enable us to make moral decisions, and to judge our own and others' actions

      • Conviction - a deeply held moral or religious belief that guides a person’s actions, even when it conflicts with the law or social expectations

      • Dietrich Bonhoeffer - a German Lutheran pastor and theologian who opposed the Nazi regime

      Common misconception

      Christians should always obey the law

      While Christians are generally taught to respect the law, many also believe they must put God’s will first. Some believe that when laws are unjust or cause harm, faith may require civil disobedience

      Teacher tip

      Use a short clip from the film Bonhoeffer: Agent of Grace or a documentary segment showing his resistance to Hitler

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Where do some Christians believe evil comes from?

      God created evil
      Correct answer: Satan tempted Adam and Eve
      Humans were born evil

      Q2.
      What is a hate crime?

      Correct answer: a crime motivated by prejudice
      a crime against property only
      a crime committed for money

      Q3.
      Why do some Christians support the death penalty?

      they want to forgive all criminals
      they believe killing is always wrong
      Correct answer: they believe in an eye for an eye

      Q4.
      What is reformation in punishment?

      removing the criminal from society
      punishing the criminal harshly
      Correct answer: helping the criminal to change

      Q5.
      What is deterrence?

      Correct answer: punishment to stop future crimes
      punishment to get revenge
      punishment to make the criminal suffer

      Q6.
      Why might some Christians think poverty is not an excuse for crime?

      poverty always causes crime
      Correct answer: help is available in society
      God accepts that poor people need to steal

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Bonhoeffer’s decisions were based on his strong personal .

      Correct Answer: conviction

      Q2.
      What inspired Bonhoeffer to stand against the Nazi regime?

      His desire for political power
      Correct answer: His belief in costly grace
      The influence of government leaders

      Q3.
      How do Catholics believe the conscience is shaped?

      by following feelings and instincts
      by simply following the laws of society
      Correct answer: through prayer, reasoning, and Church teachings

      Q4.
      Which Christian group strongly emphasises following personal conscience, often through silent reflection?

      Correct answer: Quakers
      Catholics
      Lutherans

      Q5.
      What was the key reason Martin Luther King Jr. chose to break certain laws?

      to win political elections
      Correct answer: because his personal conviction told him the laws were unjust
      to support violent protests

      Q6.
      Should Christians always obey the law?

      Yes, under all circumstances
      Only when it supports their personal views
      Correct answer: No, not if it goes against God’s law

      To help you plan your 11 religious education lesson on: Opposition to an unjust law, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...