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      Nuclear weapons and nuclear deterrence

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain what nuclear weapons are and give different views on their use and disarmament.

      Key learning points

      1. Nuclear weapons use nuclear reactions to unleash vast energy, leading to large-scale death and environmental damage.
      2. Countries like the UK keep them as a deterrent, using the threat of retaliation to discourage attacks.
      3. Ethical issues include civilian deaths and casualties, environmental impact and reliance on fear to maintain peace.
      4. Disarmament can be done together through multilateral agreements or independently through unilateral action.
      5. Opinions differ, with some supporting deterrence and others arguing for disarmament.

      Keywords

      • Disarmament - reducing or eliminating weapons

      • Nuclear weapons - a weapon of mass destruction which uses a nuclear reaction to cause widespread damage and loss of life

      • Nuclear deterrence - having nuclear weapons with the aim of deterring/preventing other states attacking for fear of retaliation and nuclear war (possibly leading to Mutually Assured Destruction)

      Common misconception

      Nuclear weapons are designed to be used in war like other weapons.

      Nuclear weapons are kept mainly for deterrence, not for use in battle. Their purpose is to prevent war, not to fight one. They have not been used since 1945.

      Teacher tip

      Use survivor testimony or historical imagery from Hiroshima and Nagasaki to show the real human impact of nuclear weapons. A short video clip or photo of the aftermath (e.g. shadows on stone, ruined cityscapes) can help students understand the devastating consequences these weapons have.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which belief is linked to Just War theory?

      All war is always wrong
      Correct answer: War may be acceptable in some cases
      War should always be avoided with no exceptions

      Q2.
      How do Christian pacifists usually respond to conflict?

      By fighting for peace
      By leaving the situation completely
      Correct answer: By supporting peaceful protest and victims

      Q3.
      Which Christian group rejects all violence in every situation?

      Correct answer: Quakers
      Catholics
      Methodists

      Q4.
      What is a common misunderstanding about Christian views on pacifism?

      Only Catholics believe in pacifism
      Christians cannot care for victims of war
      Correct answer: All Christians are pacifists

      Q5.
      Law teaches that our purpose is to preserve life, but force may sometimes be needed to protect it.

      Correct Answer: Natural, natural

      Q6.
      Ethics focuses on doing the most loving thing, which may sometimes involve limited violence.

      Correct Answer: Situation, situation

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Nuclear weapons are weapons of destruction that cause large-scale damage.

      Correct Answer: mass, Mass

      Q2.
      The is one of the countries that keeps nuclear weapons for deterrence.

      Correct Answer: UK, United Kingdom

      Q3.
      What is the main purpose of nuclear weapons today?

      To fight in modern battles
      Correct answer: To deter attacks from other countries
      To destroy enemy cities

      Q4.
      What is nuclear disarmament?

      Building new nuclear weapons
      Using nuclear weapons in battle
      Correct answer: Giving up or reducing nuclear weapons

      Q5.
      Which of these is true about the UK and nuclear weapons?

      The UK banned nuclear weapons
      The UK has no nuclear weapons
      Correct answer: The UK signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

      Q6.
      What is one argument against nuclear deterrence?

      Correct answer: It creates peace through fear, not real agreement
      It builds peace through trust
      It guarantees war will never happen

      To help you plan your 11 religious education lesson on: Nuclear weapons and nuclear deterrence, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...