New
New
Year 11
AQA

Weapons of mass destruction

I can explain what weapons of mass destruction are and describe their types, effects and issues surrounding them.

New
New
Year 11
AQA

Weapons of mass destruction

I can explain what weapons of mass destruction are and describe their types, effects and issues surrounding them.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Weapons of mass destruction include nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and cause widespread indiscriminate damage.
  2. Their use goes against the Geneva Conventions, which aim to protect civilians and limit suffering in war.
  3. They have been used in major conflicts, leading to international efforts to ban or restrict them.
  4. Some countries still hold chemical and biological weapons despite global bans.
  5. Key concerns include secrecy, terrorism, disposal challenges, long-term harm and unequal impact.

Keywords

  • Biological weapons - a weapon of mass destruction which uses living organisms like bacteria, viruses or toxins to infect and damage the body

  • Chemical weapons - a weapon of mass destruction which uses man-made toxic substances to harm the body through inhalation, skin contact or eye exposure

  • Nuclear weapons - a weapon of mass destruction which uses a nuclear reaction to cause widespread damage and loss of life

  • Weapons of mass destruction - weapons which cause widespread, indiscriminate damage (eg nuclear, chemical, biological)

Common misconception

All weapons of mass destruction are completely illegal under international law.

While chemical and biological weapons are fully banned, nuclear weapons are not completely illegal. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty aims to limit their spread and promote disarmament, but it does not ban their possession by certain countries.


To help you plan your year 11 religious education lesson on: Weapons of mass destruction, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

To broaden the discussion, you can introduce radiological and cyber weapons as emerging threats. While not officially classed as weapons of mass destruction, they raise similar concerns about large-scale harm, fear, and misuse by non-state actors.
Teacher tip

Equipment

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

Supervision

Adult supervision recommended

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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Prior knowledge starter quiz

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6 Questions

Q1.
Match the key word to the correct definition.

Correct Answer:Nuclear weapons,Weapons that use nuclear reactions to cause mass destruction

Weapons that use nuclear reactions to cause mass destruction

Correct Answer:Disarmament,Reducing or eliminating weapons

Reducing or eliminating weapons

Correct Answer:Nuclear deterrence,Having nuclear weapons to prevent attacks through fear

Having nuclear weapons to prevent attacks through fear

Q2.
The UK is a nuclear-armed state under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation .

Correct Answer: Treaty, treaty

Q3.
What is a key argument against nuclear deterrence?

It protects the environment
It encourages peace through trust
Correct answer: It creates peace based on fear, not trust

Q4.
Which of these is a form of disarmament?

Correct answer: Multilateral agreements
Building new nuclear weapons
Refusing to sign any treaties

Q5.
What is a common misunderstanding about nuclear weapons?

Correct answer: They are mainly kept to fight wars
They are banned in all countries
They are mainly used for energy production

Q6.
What is one ethical concern about using nuclear weapons?

They only harm soldiers
Correct answer: They often kill civilians
They can easily be precisely targeted

Assessment exit quiz

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6 Questions

Q1.
Match the type of weapon to its descriptions.

Correct Answer:Biological weapons,uses living organisms like bacteria, viruses or toxins

uses living organisms like bacteria, viruses or toxins

Correct Answer:Chemical weapons,uses man-made toxic substances to harm the body

uses man-made toxic substances to harm the body

Correct Answer:Nuclear weapons,uses nuclear reaction to cause widespread damage and loss of life

uses nuclear reaction to cause widespread damage and loss of life

Q2.
The use of weapons of mass destruction goes against the Conventions.

Correct Answer: Geneva, geneva

Q3.
What is one long-term effect of weapons of mass destruction?

Only military deaths
Correct answer: Psychological trauma
Quick rebuilding of cities

Q4.
What is a key issue with secrecy around WMDs?

Correct answer: It makes inspections difficult
It builds trust between countries
It stops terrorism completely

Q5.
What is the main purpose of the Biological Weapons Convention?

Correct answer: To ban the use of biological weapons
To test biological weapons safely
To encourage more powerful weapons

Q6.
What is a common misunderstanding about WMDs?

Chemical weapons are still allowed
Biological weapons were never used
Correct answer: Nuclear weapons are fully banned