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      Muslim attitudes towards the death penalty

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain different Muslim and non-religious views on the death penalty.

      Key learning points

      1. The death penalty is legal execution for serious crimes, varying globally.
      2. Non-religious views are varied, and ethical theories can be used to support or oppose the death penalty.
      3. In Islam, the death penalty is rarely applied due to strict conditions and should be avoided if there's any doubt.
      4. The Qur'an allows the death penalty (qisas) for murder but strongly encourages forgiveness and alternatives.
      5. Some Muslims are against the death penalty, encouraging forgiveness and alternatives based on Islamic principles.

      Keywords

      • Death penalty - capital punishment; the execution of a criminal which is sanctioned by the state

      • Deterrence - aim of punishment; the threat of punishment as a way to put a person off committing crime (e.g. knowing they could go to prison if they steal)

      • Justice - fairness; working to fix an unfair situation

      Common misconception

      The death penalty is widely used in Islam.

      While Islamic law does permit the death penalty for certain very serious offences, its application is extremely limited and rare due to strict conditions and a strong emphasis on mercy and forgiveness.

      Teacher tip

      Use real case studies and short video clips (e.g. documentaries or interviews with exonerees or victims’ families) to bring the ethical arguments to life.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      5 Questions

      Q1.
      Forgiveness means releasing feelings of or resentment towards someone who caused harm.

      Correct Answer: blame, Blame

      Q2.
      What do supporters of forgiveness often claim?

      It is unfair to victims.
      Correct answer: It helps emotional and spiritual healing.
      It makes offenders richer.

      Q3.
      Forgiveness in Islam is closely connected to Allah’s .

      Correct Answer: mercy, Mercy

      Q4.
      What spiritual value do Muslim chaplains often encourage in prisoners?

      ignorance
      pride
      Correct answer: reflection and repentance

      Q5.
      Restorative justice allows offenders to take for their actions and repair harm.

      Correct Answer: responsibility, Responsibility

      5 Questions

      Q1.
      Which type of crime is most often punished by the death penalty?

      theft
      Correct answer: murder
      speeding

      Q2.
      Which argument is often used by non-religious opponents of the death penalty?

      It is cheaper than imprisonment.
      Correct answer: It could result in the execution of innocent people.
      It is a sacred duty.

      Q3.
      If there is any in an Islamic legal case, the death penalty should not be carried out.

      Correct Answer: doubt, Doubt

      Q4.
      What does the Qur'an recommend instead of the death penalty in some cases?

      prison only
      Correct answer: forgiveness and compensation
      negotiation

      Q5.
      Islamic law limits the death penalty through strict evidence requirements and the value of .

      Correct Answer: mercy, Mercy

      To help you plan your 11 religious education lesson on: Muslim attitudes towards the death penalty, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...