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Lesson 4 of 4
  • Year 9

Puberty and brain development

I can describe how my body and brain change during puberty and how to stay healthy as I grow.

Lesson 4 of 4
New
New
  • Year 9

Puberty and brain development

I can describe how my body and brain change during puberty and how to stay healthy as I grow.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Puberty is a natural stage of growing up that everyone experiences differently.
  2. The body and brain go through physical, emotional and social changes.
  3. Hormones help control growth, mood and development.
  4. The adolescent brain keeps developing, which influences choices and feelings.
  5. Healthy habits and support help us manage these changes positively.

Keywords

  • Puberty - the process of changing from a child's body to an adult's; it usually starts between the ages of 8-14

  • Hormones - chemical substances that help to transport messages around our bodies

  • Adolescence - the stage of development from 12-18 years of age

Common misconception

Everyone goes through puberty at the same time and in the same way.

Puberty is unique to each person. Some changes happen earlier or later; both are normal. Respecting differences helps everyone feel comfortable and confident.


To help you plan your year 9 RSHE (PSHE) lesson on: Puberty and brain development, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

Use reassuring, inclusive language. Emphasise that puberty is a positive part of development, not something to worry about. Encourage questions and remind pupils that support is always available if they have concerns. Be mindful that some pupils may have started puberty earlier or later than peers.
Teacher tip

Equipment

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of sexual content

Supervision

Adult supervision required

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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Prior knowledge starter quiz

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6 Questions

Q1.
Which word means how well a person can produce eggs or sperm and achieve pregnancy?

Correct Answer: fertility

Q2.
Everyone goes through puberty , which means some people start earlier or later than others.

Correct Answer: differently

Q3.
True or False? Once menstruation starts, someone will get one period a month until they experience menopause.

True, because periods always follow a perfect monthly pattern.
True, because hormones remain constant throughout life.
Correct answer: False, because many factors can disrupt cycles throughout life.
False, because periods stop permanently after pregnancy.

Q4.
What causes perimenopause?

Correct answer: hormonal changes in the body
eating an unhealthy diet
not getting enough exercise
stress and lack of sleep

Q5.
Which symptoms are commonly associated with perimenopause?

regular cycles, excellent sleep and clear thinking
Correct answer: irregular cycles, sleep difficulties and foggy thoughts
increased fertility and more frequent periods
no symptoms at all, as perimenopause is symptom-free

Q6.
Match each life stage to how menstrual cycles typically appear at that time.

Correct Answer:just after menarche,often irregular as the body adjusts and hormones stabilise

often irregular as the body adjusts and hormones stabilise

Correct Answer:adult reproductive years,generally more regular, typically 11-13 cycles per year

generally more regular, typically 11-13 cycles per year

Correct Answer:perimenopause,increasingly irregular as hormones fluctuate

increasingly irregular as hormones fluctuate

Correct Answer:after menopause,no periods, as menstruation has ended

no periods, as menstruation has ended

Assessment exit quiz

Download quiz pdf

6 Questions

Q1.
Match each term to its correct definition.

Correct Answer:puberty,the process of changing from a child's body to an adult's

the process of changing from a child's body to an adult's

Correct Answer:hormones,chemical substances that help to transport messages around our bodies

chemical substances that help to transport messages around our bodies

Correct Answer:adolescence,the stage of development from 12-18 years of age

the stage of development from 12-18 years of age

Q2.
What types of changes happen during puberty?

only physical changes to the body
only emotional changes to feelings
Correct answer: physical, emotional and social changes
no real changes, just growing taller

Q3.
True or False? Everyone goes through puberty at the same time and in the same way.

True, because puberty follows the same pattern for everyone.
Correct answer: False, because puberty is unique to each person.
True, because hormones are released identically in all people.
False, because only some people experience puberty.

Q4.
Hormones help control growth, mood and ...

Correct Answer: development

Q5.
How does brain development during adolescence affect teenagers?

The brain stops developing completely at age 12.
The adolescent brain cannot learn new things.
Brain development only affects physical coordination.
Correct answer: Brain development influences choices and feelings.

Q6.
What helps us manage changes during puberty positively?

avoiding all support and dealing with changes alone
Correct answer: healthy habits and support from others
ignoring physical and emotional needs
comparing yourself constantly to peers