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New
Lesson 1 of 3
  • Year 9

Power and consent

I can explain how power imbalances affect consent and describe what grooming is.

Lesson 1 of 3
New
New
  • Year 9

Power and consent

I can explain how power imbalances affect consent and describe what grooming is.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Power imbalances can affect an individual's ability to give or refuse consent.
  2. Sexual violence is any unwanted sexual activity without consent and includes rape and sexual assault.
  3. Grooming involves building trust with the intention of manipulation or abuse.
  4. Recognising the signs of grooming is crucial for prevention and intervention.

Keywords

  • Power imbalance - a situation where one person has more power or influence over another

  • Consent - everyone involved clearly agrees to sexual activity without pressure; it's freely given, can be withdrawn anytime and requires understanding

  • Manipulate - to influence someone’s emotions to make them do something

  • Coerce - to force someone to do something against their will through threats, pressure or intimidation

  • Grooming - when an adult or older young personbuilds trust with a young person to manipulate them for harmful purposes, often leading to abuse or exploitation

Common misconception

Grooming only happens online.

Grooming can occur in any environment, not just online. It can happen in communities and within families.


To help you plan your year 9 RSHE (PSHE) lesson on: Power and consent, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

Talk about listening to gut feelings with the class. Often our gut feelings about a situation can help assess what is going on. If something doesn't feel quite right, listen to those instincts.
Teacher tip

Equipment

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of sexual violence
  • Depiction or discussion of sensitive content
  • Depiction or discussion of sexual content
  • Depiction or discussion of peer pressure or bullying

Supervision

Adult supervision required

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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Prior knowledge starter quiz

Download quiz pdf

6 Questions

Q1.
Match the words to the definitions.

Correct Answer:disclosure,when someone shares something private, like an experience of harm

when someone shares something private, like an experience of harm

Correct Answer:victim,a person who is harmed as a result of another's actions

a person who is harmed as a result of another's actions

Correct Answer:boundary,an imaginary line separating what we will and won't allow

an imaginary line separating what we will and won't allow

Q2.
Which of these statements are accurate?

All relationships have the same power dynamics.
Correct answer: Friendships are based on equal power.
Correct answer: Trusted adults at home have greater power and authority than us.
We have more power and authority than our colleagues at work.

Q3.
Which of the following is an example of harmful sexual behaviour?

asking someone for their consent before engaging in sexual activity
Correct answer: pressuring someone to engage in sexual behaviour
Correct answer: making sexualised comments or jokes towards someone
respecting someones boundaries if they say no

Q4.
It is for someone to possess, take or share a nude image or video of someone under 18, even if they are under 18 themselves.

Correct Answer: illegal, against the law

Q5.
What is the definition of perpetrator?

an individual who experiences a harmful act
an individual who witnesses a harmful act
an individual who reports a harmful act
Correct answer: an individual who has committed a harmful act

Q6.
Which of the following are examples of being an active bystander?

Someone who witnesses harmful behaviour online and does nothing.
Someone who witnesses harmful behaviour online and does the same back.
Correct answer: Someone who witnesses harmful behaviour online and reports it.
Correct answer: Someone who witnesses harmful behaviour online and reaches out to the victim.

Assessment exit quiz

Download quiz pdf

6 Questions

Q1.
Match the words to their correct definitions.

Correct Answer:grooming,when an adult builds trust with a young person to manipulate them

when an adult builds trust with a young person to manipulate them

Correct Answer:coerce,to force someone to do something through threats or pressure

to force someone to do something through threats or pressure

Correct Answer:manipulate,to influence someone’s emotions to make them do something

to influence someone’s emotions to make them do something

Q2.
Consent must be given freely, willingly and without ...

Correct Answer: pressure, force, manipulation, threats, coercion

Q3.
Which of the following statements about imbalances of power is inaccurate?

Correct answer: Power imbalances help someone to give free consent.
Power imbalances affect someone's ability to give or refuse consent.
Power imbalances can make people feel unsafe to refuse consent.
People can misuse power to manipulate or coerce a victim.

Q4.
Which statement about grooming is incorrect?

Correct answer: Grooming only happens online.
Grooming can happen online and in person.
Grooming can happen within organisations.

Q5.
Which of the following are potential signs someone is being groomed?

Correct answer: they become secretive
Correct answer: their behaviour changes in a negative way
they become more outgoing
they become more open with friends

Q6.
Sexual is any unwanted sexual activity without consent.

Correct Answer: violence, assault, abuse