New
New
Year 9

Fossils and the rock cycle

I can describe the formation of fossils and how the rock cycle affects our fossil record.

New
New
Year 9

Fossils and the rock cycle

I can describe the formation of fossils and how the rock cycle affects our fossil record.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Fossils are found in sedimentary rock, but not in other types of rock.
  2. Fossils are often the remains of living plants or animals.
  3. Bones buried in sedimentary rock can be very, very slowly dissolved by water and replaced by minerals in the water.
  4. Geological activities can break or completely destroy fossils.

Keywords

  • Fossil - The mineralised remains or impression of once–living organisms, or of traces left behind by organisms (e.g. skeletons, shells or impressions).

  • Mineral - An element or compound with a crystal–like structure. They are the 'building blocks' of rocks.

  • Sediment - A material deposited by water, wind or ice, such as pebbles or sand.

  • Sedimentary rock - A type of rock formed from the compression of sediments (rock fragments, minerals and remains of dead plants and animals).

  • Rock cycle - The gradual recycling of rocks over millions of years.

Common misconception

Pupils often interpret the rock cycle as the cause of rock formation.

Stress the rock cycle is a representation of relationships between the rock types. For rocks to change from one type to another requires specific conditions (i.e. igneous rock can change into metamorphic or melted into a different igenous rock).

Consider using models to demonstrate how rock changes from one type to another.
Teacher tip

Equipment

None required.

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
Which of the following is a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock?
sedimentary
Correct answer: igneous
metamorphic
Q2.
Which of the following is a type of sedimentary rock?
granite
marble
Correct answer: limestone
basalt
Q3.
Which of the following processes breaks down rocks into smaller pieces?
melting
Correct answer: weathering
compression
fossilisation
Q4.
Match the following key words to their definition.
Correct Answer:mineral,a natural, crystal-like structure

a natural, crystal-like structure

Correct Answer:sediment,material deposited by water, wind, or ice

material deposited by water, wind, or ice

Correct Answer:fossil,the mineralised remains or impression of once–living organisms

the mineralised remains or impression of once–living organisms

Correct Answer:erosion,the process by which rocks are worn away and transported

the process by which rocks are worn away and transported

Q5.
True or false? Metamorphic rocks are formed by the cooling of lava.
true
Correct answer: false
Q6.
is the process where sediments are laid down or settle in a new location. It follows erosion, where the sediments are transported.
Correct Answer: deposition

6 Questions

Q1.
What are fossils?
Living organisms found in rocks.
Correct answer: Mineralised remains or impressions of once–living organisms.
Types of minerals.
Rocks that have been heated and pressurised.
Q2.
Which type of rock can fossils be typically found in?
igneous rock
metamorphic rock
Correct answer: sedimentary rock
all types of rock
Q3.
Put the following steps in the process of fossilisation in the correct order, showing how fossils form over time.
1 - Bones are buried in sediment.
2 - Sedimentary rock forms around the remains.
3 - Remains are slowly dissolved by water.
4 - Remains are replaced by minerals from water.
Q4.
Match the following key terms to their definition.
Correct Answer:fossil,The mineralised remains or impressions of once-living organisms.

The mineralised remains or impressions of once-living organisms.

Correct Answer:mineral,An element or compound with a crystal-like structure.

An element or compound with a crystal-like structure.

Correct Answer:sediment,A material deposited by water, wind, or ice.

A material deposited by water, wind, or ice.

Correct Answer:sedimentary rock,A type of rock formed from the compression of sediments.

A type of rock formed from the compression of sediments.

Correct Answer:rock cycle,The gradual recycling of rocks over millions of years.

The gradual recycling of rocks over millions of years.

Q5.
Geological activities, such as tectonic movements, erosion, and volcanic activity, can break or completely destroy by altering the rock in which they are embedded.
Correct Answer: fossils
Q6.
How can fossils provide information about past environments?
By showing how rocks change over time.
Correct answer: By indicating the types of organisms that lived in the past.
By revealing the mineral content of rocks.
By displaying the crystal structure of minerals.
Correct answer: By providing information about the conditions past organisms lived in.