New
New
Year 7

Melting: particle model

I can use the particle model to explain why substances have different melting points, and use a thermometer to measure melting points.

New
New
Year 7

Melting: particle model

I can use the particle model to explain why substances have different melting points, and use a thermometer to measure melting points.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. In the solid state, forces of attraction between particles hold them in fixed positions.
  2. In the liquid state, particles are held together but have enough energy to break free to move around.
  3. The stronger the force of attraction between particles in a substance, the higher its melting point.
  4. Water freezes at 0℃, room temperature is about 20℃ and body temperature is about 37℃.
  5. The bulb of a thermometer is made of very thin glass and is delicate.

Keywords

  • Melting - Melting is when a substance changes from a solid state to a liquid state.

  • Melting point - The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes from solid state to a liquid state.

  • Forces of attraction - Forces of attraction hold particles together.

  • Regular arrangement - In a solid state the particles are in a regular arrangement.

  • Random arrangement - In a liquid state the particles are in a random arrangement.

Common misconception

Particle spacing can be overemphasised at the expense of particle movement.

Ensure students understand that although particles can move over each other, the forces of attraction mean that the particles are touching.

Teachers can use a tray of marbles to represent particles, shake to show particles gaining energy and being able to move past each other.
Teacher tip

Content guidance

  • Risk assessment required - equipment

Supervision

Adult supervision required

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
What is the state of matter where particles are closely packed in a fixed arrangement?
Correct answer: Solid state
Liquid state
Gas state
Q2.
Which of the following is a common temperature measurement tool?
barometer
Correct answer: thermometer
ruler
calliper
Q3.
Arrange the following states of matter, based on the freedom of particle movement (from least to most):
1 - solid state
2 - liquid state
3 - gas state
Q4.
Match the states of matter with their particle arrangements:
Correct Answer:Regular arrangement,Solid state

Solid state

Correct Answer:Random arrangement,Liquid state

Liquid state

Correct Answer:No fixed arrangement,Gas state

Gas state

Q5.
Fill in the blank: The change of a substance from solid state to liquid state is called .
Correct Answer: melting, Melting, melting., Melting.
Q6.
Fill in the blank: In solids, the hold the particles together.
Correct Answer: forces of attraction, attractive forces, attraction forces

6 Questions

Q1.
What happens to the arrangement of particles when a substance changes from the solid state to the liquid state?
They arrange in a fixed pattern
Correct answer: They move from a regular arrangement to a random arrangement
They compress into a smaller space
Q2.
Fill in the blank: At room temperature, water is in the state.
Correct Answer: liquid, liquid state, Liquid
Q3.
Which description best fits the term 'regular arrangement'?
Particles are free to move around
Correct answer: Particles are in fixed positions relative to each other
Particles are spread far apart
Q4.
Arrange the following based on their melting points from lowest to highest:
1 - Substance with weak forces of attraction between particles
2 - Substance with moderate forces of attraction between particles
3 - Substance with strong forces of attraction between particles
Q5.
The melting point is a particular at which a substance changes from the solid state to the liquid state.
Correct Answer: temperature, temp, temprature
Q6.
Why is the bulb of a thermometer made of very thin glass?
To allow it to float on water
Correct answer: To enable heat to pass through quickly
To make it colourful
To reduce costs in manufacturing