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      Chemical reactions: decomposition

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe what happens during decomposition reactions, and write chemical equations to show these.

      Key learning points

      1. Decomposition reactions involve a single compound breaking down into two or more products.
      2. Decomposition reactions usually require heat, light, or electricity, to occur.
      3. When metal carbonates decompose upon heating, they typically form metal oxides and carbon dioxide gas.

      Keywords

      • Decompose - When a substance decomposes it undergoes a decomposition reaction.

      • Decomposition - A type of reaction in which a reactant compound breaks down into two or more products.

      Common misconception

      Pupils often struggle to understand that not all reactions consist of two substances mixed together to cause a reaction.

      Show the symbol equation and how the reactants are rearranged to form the products.

      Teacher tip

      Pupils can work together to obtain the results, give students a timescale of what constitutes no thermal decomposition, i.e. if there is no change in 3 minutes consider that thermal decomposition has not taken place.

      Equipment

      Boiling tubes, metal carbonates, clamp and stand, heat resistant mat, bung with delivery tube, spatula, limewater.

      Content guidance

      Risk assessment required - equipment

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What are common signs that a chemical reaction is taking place?

      the substance melts
      Correct answer: bubbles appear
      Correct answer: there is a colour change
      Correct answer: the substance gets warmer

      Q2.
      In a chemical reaction, what happens to the atoms of the reactants?

      they disappear
      Correct answer: they rearrange to form new products
      they change
      they become larger

      Q3.
      What happens to the mass of the products compared to the mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction?

      it increases
      it decreases
      Correct answer: it stays the same
      it fluctuates

      Q4.
      What type of reaction involves a substance combining with oxygen?

      decomposition
      Correct answer: oxidation
      neutralisation
      precipitation

      Q5.
      To test for carbon dioxide, you would bubble the gas through . If carbon dioxide is present, the solution turns milky (cloudy).

      Correct Answer: limewater

      Q6.
      Which of the following chemicals are reactants in this reaction? zinc + hydrochloric acid → zinc chloride + hydrogen

      Correct answer: zinc
      Correct answer: hydrochloric acid
      zinc chloride
      hydrogen

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is a decomposition reaction?

      A reaction where two compounds combine to form one product.
      Correct answer: A reaction where a single compound breaks down into two or more products.
      A reaction where a gas is produced by combining liquids.
      A reaction where heat is absorbed.

      Q2.
      Decomposition reactions usually require , light, or electricity to occur.

      Correct Answer: heat

      Q3.
      What gas is commonly produced when metal carbonates decompose?

      oxygen
      hydrogen
      nitrogen
      Correct answer: carbon dioxide
      water

      Q4.
      Which of the following is a decomposition reaction?

      2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
      Correct answer: CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
      NaCl + AgNO₃ → NaNO₃ + AgCl
      2K + Cl₂ → 2KCl

      Q5.
      When metal carbonates decompose upon heating, they typically form metal and carbon dioxide gas.

      Correct Answer: oxides

      Q6.
      Which of the following reactions represents the decomposition of water?

      Correct answer: 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂
      2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
      2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂
      2Li + 2H₂O → 2LiOH + H₂

      To help you plan your 8 science lesson on: Chemical reactions: decomposition, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...