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      Designing a physical computing project

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can design a physical computing project and break down its functionality into simpler features.

      Key learning points

      1. Design a physical computing project that solves a problem for a specific audience using available resources.
      2. Break down a complex task into smaller, simpler steps.

      Keywords

      • Audience - the intended users of the physical computing project

      • Decompose - the process of breaking down a large task into several subtasks

      Common misconception

      Planning a physical computing project slows you down and does not need to be thought of before starting what you want to make.

      A plan helps you think through the steps, figure out what you need, and make sure your project turns out how you want it to. If you don't plan, you could end up making mistakes that will mean your project doesn't turn out how you would like.

      Teacher tip

      Draw parallels to other subjects and find out why planning is is an important step that can help organise your thoughts before starting.

      Equipment

      Pupils will need access to a device with block-based programming software that can be used to program a physcial controller. Examples in this lesson use Microsoft MakeCode https://oak.link/makecode

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      How is the micro:bit powered?

      It uses solar energy only.
      It uses wind power.
      It does not require power.
      Correct answer: It uses batteries or a USB connection.

      Q2.
      Match the micro:bit hardware components to their functions.

      Correct Answer:buttons (A and B) ,provide input to programs through user interaction
      Correct Answer:accelerometer,detect motion and tilt
      Correct Answer:compass,detect magnetic north for navigation
      Correct Answer:GPIO pins,connect external devices like motors
      Correct Answer:speaker,play sounds or music

      Q3.
      What grid on the micro:bit is used to display text, numbers or patterns?

      Correct Answer: LED, LEDs, Light-Emitting Diodes, Light-Emitting Diode

      Q4.
      What device can detect things like light, temperature or movement?

      Correct Answer: Sensor

      Q5.
      What is a circuit?

      Correct answer: a complete path that electricity can travel through
      a device that stores electricity for later use
      a collection of wires that are tangled together
      a power source that generates electricity

      Q6.
      What should you do before starting a physical computing project?

      begin building immediately
      Correct answer: create a detailed plan
      test random components
      skip planning to save time

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Why might someone think planning isn’t necessary?

      They want the project to succeed.
      They enjoy testing components.
      Correct answer: They underestimate its importance.
      They are focused on decomposition.

      Q2.
      Why is it important to consider the audience when designing a physical computing project?

      It guarantees the project will look good.
      It makes the project easier to build.
      It ensures the project uses expensive components.
      Correct answer: It ensures the project solves the problem effectively for its users.

      Q3.
      What word means to simplify a problem into smaller parts?

      Correct Answer: decompose, decomposition, decomposing

      Q4.
      Match the terms to their correct description.

      Correct Answer:audience,the intended users of a physical computing project
      Correct Answer:decompose,breaking a large task into smaller, manageable subtasks
      Correct Answer:proposal,a detailed plan outlining the goals and steps of a project

      Q5.
      Which of the following is an example of decomposing a task?

      writing a single complex program all at once
      Correct answer: breaking a program into small tasks like setting up LEDs and buttons separately
      ignoring small tasks and focusing only on the final outcome
      testing components only after everything is built

      Q6.
      Arrange the steps for planning and completing a physical computing project in the correct order.

      1 - Identify the audience and the problem to solve.
      2 - Create a proposal outlining goals and resources.
      3 - Decompose the problem into smaller tasks.
      4 - Build and integrate components into the final solution.
      5 - Test and refine each part of the project.

      To help you plan your 7 computing lesson on: Designing a physical computing project, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...