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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how life cycle assessment is used within design.

      Key learning points

      1. LCA assesses the environmental impact at every stage of a product's life cycle with the aim to reduce the impact.
      2. Designers can make environmentally friendly design decisions by considering the results of LCA.

      Keywords

      • Life cycle assessment (LCA) - assesses the environmental impact at every stage of a product’s lifecycle

      • Carbon emissions - volume of carbon produced contributing to global warming

      • Design decisions - a deliberate choice to meet a requirement or solve a problem

      Common misconception

      Environmental impact only occurs when products are disposed of.

      Circular economy and LCA consider the environmental impact at every single stage of a product's life cycle.

      Teacher tip

      Keep hold of any products that excessively use packaging, such as Easter eggs. Have a look around the school/home for products that 'grow' with the user as examples of sustainable products, such as adjustable chairs/products.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the term to its definition.

      Correct Answer:obsolete,a product that is no longer used or useful

      a product that is no longer used or useful

      Correct Answer:linear economy,products are often used briefly, become obsolete, and become waste

      products are often used briefly, become obsolete, and become waste

      Correct Answer:circular economy,products and materials are kept in circulation and do not become waste

      products and materials are kept in circulation and do not become waste

      Q2.
      In a linear economy, a product’s life cycle can be defined as ...

      Correct Answer: cradle to grave

      Q3.
      What do product designers carefully consider when designing products in a circular economy?

      Correct answer: environmental impact
      product disposal
      cost to the customer
      latest design trends

      Q4.
      Which of these is a good example of a product designed for the circular economy?

      A disposable, single use coffee cup
      A plastic bag at a supermarket checkout
      Correct answer: A smartphone designed to be easily repaired and upgraded
      A free plastic toy in a children's magazine

      Q5.
      Which of the following is not a stage of the circular economy?

      design/redesign
      distribution
      repair and maintenance
      Correct answer: disposal

      Q6.
      Which of the following Rs is missing from this list of design considerations in the circular economy: Reuse, Repair, Refuse, Recycle, Reduce, ...?

      Replace
      Correct answer: Rethink
      React
      Remove

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      In a life cycle assessment, a product's __________ impact is assessed at every single stage.

      ethical
      Correct answer: environmental
      economic

      Q2.
      What can you assess at each stage of a life cycle assessment?

      Correct answer: source of energy
      Correct answer: amount of energy required
      Correct answer: amount of pollution and carbon emissions
      Correct answer: volume of waste
      number of people involved in production

      Q3.
      What methods for reducing environmental impact could be considered at the distribution stage?

      Correct answer: Use hybrid or electric vehicles.
      Offer free next-day delivery to customers.
      Correct answer: Locate the manufacturing unit in country/county of sale.
      Use biodegradable materials in packaging.
      Correct answer: Flat pack or stackable products to reduce size.

      Q4.
      Design decisions at the stage are not required for a single use product.

      Correct Answer: repair and maintenance, maintenance and repair, Repair and maintenance, Maintenance and repair

      To help you plan your 9 design and technology lesson on: Life Cycle Assessment, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...