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      Manufacture and materials processing

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain the impact of decisions at the manufacturing and materials stage.

      Key learning points

      1. Decisions at the manufacture and materials processing stage have the potential to reduce the environmental impact.
      2. Fairtrade is a global movement ensuring better prices, decent working conditions, and fair terms for farmers/workers.

      Keywords

      • Carbon emissions - volume of carbon produced contributing to global warming

      • Fairtrade - a system that ensures farmers and workers receive fair prices, decent working conditions, and support for community development through trade

      • Living income - the amount of money that is needed for a household to have a decent standard of living

      Common misconception

      The only environmental decision at the manufacture and materials processing stage is the choice between renewable/non renewable sources of energy.

      Environmental decisions include sources of energy, use of recycled materials, sustainable land management such as deforestation, pollution including water pollution and transportation. During manufacture, ethical impacts should also be considered.

      Teacher tip

      A great way to start this lesson is to bring in a selection of chocolate, some being Fairtrade and others that are not. Ask them to vote for their favourite chocolate and a reason why... did anyone pick based on Fairtrade?

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What does this image represent?

      An image in a quiz
      Correct Answer: the circular economy, circular economy

      Q2.
      Which stage of the circular economy is missing?

      An image in a quiz
      manufacture
      Correct answer: manufacture and materials processing
      transportation
      materials processing
      extraction

      Q3.
      What are carbon emissions?

      amount of carbon in fossil fuels
      process of planting trees to absorb carbon
      Correct answer: volume of carbon dioxide released into atmosphere contributing to global warming
      carbon found naturally in plants and animals

      Q4.
      Why do some people choose to buy Fairtrade products?

      They are always the cheapest.
      They look nicer.
      Correct answer: It helps support fair wages and better lives for workers.
      They are made in the UK.

      Q5.
      What is a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) used for?

      to calculate how long a product will last before it breaks
      Correct answer: to measure the environmental impact of a product from raw material to disposal
      to decide how attractive a product looks to customers
      to work out the cost of manufacturing a product

      Q6.
      In Design & Technology, what does LCA stand for?

      Linear Cost Analysis
      Correct answer: Life Cycle Assessment
      Local Carbon Analysis
      Long term Component Appraisal

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the term to the definition:

      Correct Answer:Fairtrade price,minimum price that must be paid to producers for their goods

      minimum price that must be paid to producers for their goods

      Correct Answer:Fairtrade premium,investment for the community to help build stronger communities

      investment for the community to help build stronger communities

      Correct Answer:Living income,amount of money needed for a decent standard of living

      amount of money needed for a decent standard of living

      Q2.
      The missing stage of the circular economy is manufacture and processing:

      An image in a quiz
      Correct Answer: materials

      Q3.
      Decisions to reduce environmental impact at the manufacture and materials processing stage include:

      Correct answer: prevention of dangerous chemicals into water supplies
      Fairtrade price
      Correct answer: reduction in transport between stages
      using bleach and dyes for producing cotton
      Correct answer: urenewable energy sources and materials

      Q4.
      Around __________ litres (30 bathtubs) of water are required to produce one t-shirt.

      2800
      2600
      2500
      Correct answer: 2700

      Q5.
      Order the steps of cotton production.

      1 - Cotton seeds are sown, watered and grown for the the fluffy bolls.
      2 - The fluffy bolls are harvested.
      3 - The fluffy bolls are separated from the seeds in a mechanical cotton gin.
      4 - Cotton lint is pressed into bales.
      5 - Shipped to a spinning facility usually in China or India.

      Q6.
      fashion is when clothing is produced quickly and cheaply to keep up with the latest trends.

      Correct Answer: Fast

      To help you plan your 9 design and technology lesson on: Manufacture and materials processing, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...