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      Virtual and physical testing of systems

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can virtually and physically test a control system.

      Key learning points

      1. Testing electronic circuits and control systems is often referred to as fault finding.
      2. A multimeter is used to measure current, voltage, resistance in both virtual and physical circuits and control systems.
      3. Resistance and voltage are measured in parallel but current is measured in series.
      4. Virtual and physical test results will differ due to the tolerance of physical components and test equipment.

      Keywords

      • Multimeter - an electronic tool that measures voltage, current and resistance

      • Voltage (V) - the measure of the ‘push’ from a battery that causes charge to be transferred around a circuit

      • Current (A) - the rate of flow of charge in a circuit

      • Test - check quality, function and reliability

      Common misconception

      Testing must always be done using a physical control system.

      Testing a control system can be done using a physical control system and a multimeter or using a CAD simulation.

      Teacher tip

      Familiarise yourself with the settings of your multimeter before demonstrating with the pupils.

      Equipment

      Multimeters, physical control system prototypes. Access to Tinkercad.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is Ohm's law the relationship between in an electrical circuit?

      battery, current, and resistance
      voltage, electrical flow, and resistance
      voltage, current, and resistors
      volts and amps
      Correct answer: voltage, current, and resistance

      Q2.
      Match the concept to the definition.

      Correct Answer:resistance,the opposition to the flow of electric current

      the opposition to the flow of electric current

      Correct Answer:current,the rate of flow of charge in a circuit

      the rate of flow of charge in a circuit

      Correct Answer:voltage,the measure of the ‘push’ from a battery

      the measure of the ‘push’ from a battery

      Q3.
      What does the Ω symbol represent in electrical circuits?

      millimeters
      amperes
      volts
      Correct answer: Ohms
      watts

      Q4.
      What is the device that measures resistance, current and voltage in an electrical circuit?

      Correct Answer: multimeter, multi meter

      Q5.
      If a data sheet for a component said 'operating current 20mA', what does this mean?

      the maximum current for the component optimal performance
      the minimum current for the component optimal performance
      the average current for the component optimal performance
      Correct answer: the suggested current for the component optimal performance

      Q6.
      Match the data sheet information to the correct component.

      Correct Answer:luminosity intensity 275 mCD,LED

      LED

      Correct Answer:minimum sound output 85dB,Piezoelectric buzzer

      Piezoelectric buzzer

      Correct Answer:typical speed 5000 RPM,DC motor

      DC motor

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      What is the unit symbol for current?

      Correct answer: A
      V
      Ω

      Q2.
      When measuring current in a circuit, the multimeter probes should be added in ...

      Correct Answer: series

      Q3.
      What is the purpose of the coloured bands on a resistor?

      indicate different aesthetics
      indicate different brands
      Correct answer: indicate different values
      indicate polarity

      Q4.
      Which of these current measurements is less than 20 mA?

      Correct answer: 0.01 A
      0.025 A
      0.1 A
      Correct answer: 0.019 A

      To help you plan your 10 design and technology lesson on: Virtual and physical testing of systems, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...