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      Reforming manufacturing processes for papers and boards

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain and compare small-scale and industrial reforming processes.

      Key learning points

      1. Reforming involves reshaping a material into a new form without changing its basic chemical structure.
      2. Small-scale production methods can be used to reform materials.
      3. Reforming materials on a larger scale require different techniques.
      4. Recycling and upcycling save resources, reduce waste, and give new life to old materials.

      Keywords

      • Reform - reshaping a material into a new form without changing its basic chemical structure

      • Recycle - convert waste into reusable materials

      • Upcycle - turning old or unwanted materials/products into something useful

      • Mould - a hollow shape which can be used to form materials

      • Former - a solid object that a material is manipulated around to create a specific shape

      Common misconception

      The same tools and methods are used for both small-scale and industrial manufacturing.

      The scale of production heavily influences tool choice, speed, accuracy, and repeatability.

      Teacher tip

      Try to organise a small practical based on any of the processes mentioned in this lesson to fully embed learning.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is 'automation' in manufacturing?

      the use of recycled materials in production
      Correct answer: the use of machines or technology to perform tasks
      the process of making products by hand only
      the design of mass-produced goods

      Q2.
      What does 'industrial' typically refer to in manufacturing?

      small, handcrafted products made by a single person
      Correct answer: large-scale production using machinery and technology
      purely artistic or sculptural items
      activities done at home by a hobbyist

      Q3.
      What does 'structural integrity' refer to in materials and structures?

      Correct answer: it can maintain its shape under normal conditions without breaking
      the aesthetic appearance of a structure
      it can resist environmental changes like temperature and moisture
      the cost-effectiveness of building a structure

      Q4.
      Match the action to its force.

      Correct Answer:opening a jar lid,torque (twist)

      torque (twist)

      Correct Answer:sliding a box across the floor,push

      push

      Correct Answer:tugging on a rope,pull

      pull

      Q5.
      What is one main benefit of using standard stock forms in manufacturing?

      they are always made from recycled materials
      they are customised for each product
      Correct answer: they're easier to transport, store, and use in different manufacturing processes
      they don't require specialised tools to work with

      Q6.
      Which group includes only natural materials?

      polypropylene, nylon, wool
      Correct answer: gold, cotton, oak
      polyester, glass, corrugated cardboard
      acrylic, steel, linen

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Shaping materials again without changing its basic chemical structure is called .

      Correct Answer: reforming, reform

      Q2.
      What is the main purpose of recycling?

      Correct answer: to save resources
      to generate waste
      to collect raw materials
      to increase pollution

      Q3.
      What is the main goal of upcycling?

      Correct answer: to add value to old items
      to throw things away faster
      to burn waste materials
      to create pollution

      Q4.
      The mixture that is made when mixing paper pieces with water is called .

      Correct Answer: pulp, paper pulp

      Q5.
      Match the process to the correct definition.

      Correct Answer:papier mâché,soaking paper in a glue or paste mixture and layering it over a former

      soaking paper in a glue or paste mixture and layering it over a former

      Correct Answer:pulp moulding,using recycled paper pulp to form shaped products using moulds

      using recycled paper pulp to form shaped products using moulds

      Correct Answer:bonding,joining layers of paper or cardboard together

      joining layers of paper or cardboard together

      Q6.
      Put the paper recycling process in order.

      1 - paper collection
      2 - de-inking
      3 - cleaning chambers
      4 - pulpers
      5 - paper making rollers
      6 - finished recycled paper

      To help you plan your 11 design and technology lesson on: Reforming manufacturing processes for papers and boards, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...