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      Wasting manufacturing processes for metals

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain and compare small-scale and industrial wasting processes.

      Key learning points

      1. Wasting involves removing material to shape or size a product.
      2. Tools and small machines remove material in small-scale production.
      3. CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control, which means that some machinery can be controlled by a computer.
      4. Larger machines remove material quickly, more accurately, and consistently at scale.

      Keywords

      • Wasting - removing material to shape or size a product

      • Small-scale production - making one or a few products using hand tools or basic machines

      • Industrial - higher-volume production using machines for speed, accuracy and consistency

      • CNC - Computer Numerical Control - Computer-controlled machining for precise cutting and shaping

      Common misconception

      The same tools and methods are used for both small-scale and industrial manufacturing.

      The scale of production heavily influences tool choice, speed, accuracy, and repeatability.

      Teacher tip

      Demonstrate the same process (e.g. cutting) using both a hand tool and a machine to clearly highlight the differences in speed, accuracy, and application.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of these is NOT a material?

      timber
      polymer
      Correct answer: electricity
      metal

      Q2.
      Which of the following statements are NOT true.

      Physical properties/characteristics relate to how a material looks and feels.
      Mechanical properties describe material behaviour when exposed to forces.
      Correct answer: Hardness is a physical property/characteristic.
      Elasticity is a working/mechanical property.

      Q3.
      Match the material to its source:

      Correct Answer:aluminium,ores in rocks

      ores in rocks

      Correct Answer:polyester,crude oil

      crude oil

      Correct Answer:wool,sheep

      sheep

      Correct Answer:tissue paper,trees

      trees

      Q4.
      What is one main benefit of using standard stock forms in manufacturing?

      They are always made from recycled materials.
      They are customised for each product.
      Correct answer: They're easier to transport, store, use in different manufacturing processes.
      They don't require specialised tools to work with.

      Q5.
      Machine tools make production faster and more consistent than hand tools.

      Correct answer: true
      false

      Q6.
      Which safety rule is most important when using hand tools?

      Only use tools that are battery-powered.
      Correct answer: Always wear protective equipment.
      Use tools quickly to avoid fatigue.
      Only use hand tools on soft materials.

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Removing parts of a material to shape it is called .

      Correct Answer: wasting, waste

      Q2.
      What does CNC stand for?

      Computerised Numeric Cutting
      Controlled Numerical Coding
      Correct answer: Computer Numerical Control
      Central Networked Control

      Q3.
      What does 'industrial' typically refer to in manufacturing?

      small, handcrafted products made by a single person
      Correct answer: large-scale production using machinery and technology
      purely artistic or sculptural items
      activities done at home by a hobbyist

      Q4.
      Name this tool.

      An image in a quiz
      Correct Answer: Hacksaw, hack saw

      Q5.
      Match tool to description:

      Correct Answer:piercing saw,fine blade for detailed metal cutting, e.g. jewellery

      fine blade for detailed metal cutting, e.g. jewellery

      Correct Answer:hacksaw,hand tool for cutting metal bars, rods, and tubing

      hand tool for cutting metal bars, rods, and tubing

      Correct Answer:coping saw,cuts curves in metal using a narrow blade

      cuts curves in metal using a narrow blade

      Correct Answer:guillotine,cuts sheet metal in straight lines using a lever action

      cuts sheet metal in straight lines using a lever action

      Correct Answer:tin snips,scissor-like tool for cutting thin sheet metal

      scissor-like tool for cutting thin sheet metal

      Correct Answer:angle grinder,spins discs to cut, grind, or polish metal surfaces

      spins discs to cut, grind, or polish metal surfaces

      Q6.
      Name this CNC industrial wasting process:

      An image in a quiz
      plasma cutter
      waterjet cutting
      Correct answer: laser cutter
      blanking
      piercing
      Q6 metal laser cutting (c) IMG_0122 by Cheng Yu Lan 2011 CC BY-NC 2.0

      To help you plan your 11 design and technology lesson on: Wasting manufacturing processes for metals, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...