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      Adopting different perspectives

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can switch between third person and first person perspectives in writing and I can use a range of techniques to write a detailed internal monologue.

      Key learning points

      1. Narratives are often written in the third person, but we can switch perspectives during a narrative.
      2. Including first person perspectives allows us to show the protagonist's thoughts.
      3. An internal monologue is a type of first person writing focused on the protagonist's inner thoughts.
      4. We can use a range of language techniques to lend internal monologue an informal tone.
      5. We can include sensory details to show more of the protagonist's emotions.

      Keywords

      • Third person perspective - the 'he/she/it/they' perspective

      • First person perspective - the 'I/we' perspective

      • Past tense - tells the reader the action happened before now

      • Present tense - tells the reader the action is happening now

      • Internal monologue - the inner voice of a character - their thoughts to themselves, not spoken aloud

      Common misconception

      Pupils may think that any piece of first person writing is internal monologue.

      Internal monologue is first person writing that focuses on the inner thoughts of the person.

      Teacher tip

      You may wish to read the relevant sections of the book aloud to the children for inspiration, but encourage them to make the writing their own by coming up with their own ideas for what Addie may feel and think.

      Equipment

      You need a copy of the 2020 Knights Of edition of ‘A Kind of Spark’ written by Elle McNicoll, illustrated by Kay Wilson, for this lesson.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of these will not form part of the build-up of a story?

      Correct answer: the main character is introduced
      Correct answer: the central problem of the story is resolved
      the main character encounters obstacles
      the tension increases

      Q2.
      Which of these events fall into the build-up of 'A Kind of Spark'?

      The plaque is unveiled.
      Correct answer: The class visit the tree where the witches were hanged.
      Miss Murphy rips up Addie's work.
      Correct answer: Addie goes to Keedie's university.

      Q3.
      Which of these events from the build-up comes first?

      Audrey brings in the thesaurus.
      Keedie and Nina arrive.
      Correct answer: Addie is in the office with Miss Murphy.
      Nina says she will report Miss Murphy.

      Q4.
      Which of the following best describes an 'internal monologue'?

      a character's inner actions
      Correct answer: a character's inner thoughts
      the conversations a character has

      Q5.
      Which of the following is most likely to be a piece of Miss Murphy's internal monologue?

      You're a rude and disrespectful girl!
      Correct answer: Why on earth is Mr Allison interfering in this?
      Girls like you don't belong in this school.

      Q6.
      Which character's internal monologue might include the following idea? 'I just don't believe Miss Murphy has Addie's best interests at heart; I think I need to intervene.'

      Nina
      Correct answer: Mr Allison
      Emily
      Keedie

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which pronouns are most likely to appear in the first person perspective?

      Correct answer: I, me, my, mine
      he, him, his
      Correct answer: we, us, our, ours
      they, them, their, theirs

      Q2.
      Which of these sentences use a third person perspective?

      Correct answer: Addie stepped away from the looming tree.
      I backed away nervously.
      We handed out leaflets by the bookshop.
      Correct answer: Addie and Audrey handed out leaflets by the bookshop.

      Q3.
      Which tense and person is used here? 'Addie looked on in horror as Miss Murphy crumpled her work.'

      first person
      Correct answer: third person
      Correct answer: past tense
      present tense

      Q4.
      Which tense and person is used here? 'I can't believe no-one else is upset by what Mr Patterson is saying.'

      Correct answer: first person
      third person
      past tense
      Correct answer: present tense

      Q5.
      Which features of an internal monologue are shown here? 'The lights are almost blindingly bright. But no-one else seems to notice.'

      repetition
      Correct answer: informal sentence opener
      rhetorical question
      Correct answer: details about senses

      Q6.
      Why is including details about senses particularly important in our narrative?

      because Addie has extra senses
      Correct answer: because Addie's senses can sometimes be overwhelmed
      because it is very interesting for the reader

      To help you plan your 6 English lesson on: Adopting different perspectives, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...