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      Conceptualising guilt in 'Macbeth'

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can understand the concept of guilt and begin to reflect on its significance in 'Macbeth'.

      Key learning points

      1. Guilt is an uncomfortable feeling with the purpose of aligning one with their moral compass.
      2. The theme of guilt is central to 'Macbeth'.
      3. Shakespeare exposes the destructive force of guilt in 'Macbeth'.
      4. Shakespeare may have centered the play on guilt to warn against regicide and treachery.
      5. King James I was a patron of Shakespeare's company; guilt may have been used as a device to please the King.

      Keywords

      • Moral - relating to the standards of good and bad behaviour

      • Conscience - a person's moral sense of right and wrong

      • Cautionary - serving as a warning

      Common misconception

      Pupils may only recognise the destructive force of ambition in the play.

      It is also possible to consider the destructive force of guilt as central to the play.

      Teacher tip

      Depending on how recently you have studied 'Macbeth' with your class, you may want to go over a brief recap of plot before the practice task in Learning Cycle 1.

      Equipment

      You will need access to a copy of Shakespeare's 'Macbeth' for this lesson.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of serious crime

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is a conscience?

      part of the brain that contributes to decision making
      an external influence that forces people into accepting their morals
      Correct answer: someone's inner moral sense of right and wrong

      Q2.
      How might we define guilt?

      feeling resentment that you do not have someone else's achievements
      being embarrassed about being foolish
      Correct answer: feeling uncomfortable having done something wrong

      Q3.
      In which scenario might someone feel guilt?

      winning a prize for excellent homework
      falling over in front of other people
      Correct answer: not being there for a friend in need

      Q4.
      In the play 'Macbeth', what does Macbeth initially feel guilty about?

      being a fearless and brutal soldier
      betraying his wife
      Correct answer: thinking about committing regicide

      Q5.
      Which monarch was on the throne at the time 'Macbeth' was written?

      Queen Elizabeth I
      Correct answer: King James I
      King Edward I

      Q6.
      What is 'regicide'?

      betraying one's good friend
      overthrowing the government
      Correct answer: killing a monarch

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      In Act 3, Scene 4 of 'Macbeth', what haunts Macbeth that could symbolise his guilt?

      a bloody dagger
      a vision of his own death
      Correct answer: Banquo's ghost

      Q2.
      How does Lady Macbeth's guilt manifest itself in 'Macbeth'?

      Correct answer: she sleepwalks
      Correct answer: she hallucinates blood on her hands
      she publicly admits to committing the murder of Duncan and Banquo

      Q3.
      What is not a likely purpose of the emotion of guilt?

      to help people reconnect and repair relationships
      Correct answer: to drive someone to commit more wrongdoings
      to realign someone with their moral compass

      Q4.
      In 'Macbeth, what effect does guilt have on Macbeth?

      Correct answer: it leads him to commit more violent actions
      it makes him repent and cease committing his heinous crimes
      it repairs his relationship with Lady Macbeth

      Q5.
      Why might Shakespeare have chosen to centre 'Macbeth' around guilt?

      to expose the conscience as a made up construct, in line with his religious view
      to show how much power guilt can give to those bold enough
      Correct answer: to warn against regicide and thus please King James I

      Q6.
      We could describe 'Macbeth' as a play.

      treacherous
      Correct answer: cautionary
      redeeming

      To help you plan your 11 English lesson on: Conceptualising guilt in 'Macbeth', download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...