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      Exploring the motif of sleep in 'Macbeth'

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can analyse the motif of sleep in regards to Macbeth's guilt.

      Key learning points

      1. Sleep is a motif in 'Macbeth' associated with innocence.
      2. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth suffer with lack of sleep (insomnia) and nightmares.
      3. Insomnia is associated with guilt in the play.
      4. Insomnia might be considered a punishment that either God or the conscience inflicts.
      5. We can use discourse markers to help us trace different uses of a motif across a text.

      Keywords

      • Insomnia - difficulty falling or staying asleep

      • Repressed - describes a feeling that you do not express

      • Manifestation - an object that embodies something abstract

      • Assuage - make an unpleasant feeling less intense

      Common misconception

      Students may be familiar with the function of sleep, but less aware of the symbolism and connotations.

      Whilst sleep is vital for healing and serves a restorative function, it also symbolises innocence and vulnerability.

      Teacher tip

      You could spend some time unpicking the finer details of the sleep motif. For example, is it significant that Duncan is murdered whilst sleeping? Why is it that Lady Macbeth sleep walks whereas Macbeth only experieces insomnia?

      Equipment

      You will need access to a copy of Shakespeare's 'Macbeth' for this lesson.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of serious crime

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      After Macbeth commits regicide in the play 'Macbeth', he can no longer do what in Act 2, Scene 2?

      eat
      Correct answer: sleep
      look anyone in the eyes

      Q2.
      What is true of sleep?

      Correct answer: it is vital for human function
      humans do not need it
      it represents chaos

      Q3.
      What happens to Lady Macbeth by Act 5, Scene 1 o? 'Macbeth'?

      she is killed
      she is plotting to kill Macbeth
      Correct answer: she is sleepwalking

      Q4.
      In what state is Duncan murdered in 'Macbeth'?

      just as he is eating dinnner
      whilst he enters grounds Macbeth's castle
      Correct answer: as he is sleeping

      Q5.
      What is a discourse marker?

      a word that describes an action
      Correct answer: a word that organises writing
      the very first word of each paragraph

      Q6.
      What is Macbeth troubled by in Act 3, Scene 2 of 'Macbeth'?

      his hallucination of a dagger
      threats from Macduff
      Correct answer: terrible dreams

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What word beginning with 'i' means having trouble falling and staying asleep?

      Correct Answer: insomnia

      Q2.
      Why does Macbeth say he will sleep no more after committing regicide in 'Macbeth'?

      it has given him an adrenaline rush
      Correct answer: guilt torments him
      he is forced out of his living quarters

      Q3.
      In 'Macbeth', Macbeth cannot sleep, this means he can't gain ...

      power
      Correct answer: peace
      knowledge

      Q4.
      In Shakespeare's 'Macbeth', what could provide an interesting religious interpretation of Macbeth's insomnia?

      Correct answer: God has withheld sleep as a punishment; sleep was often seen as a gift from God
      he is having nightmares based on his repressed guilt
      God is protecting Macbeth from sin by not granting him sleep

      Q5.
      Why is it important to use discourse markers when writing about motifs in a text?

      so that we talk about only one use of the motif
      Correct answer: so that we trace the full use of a motif throughout a text
      to show a superficial understanding of a motif

      Q6.
      What is a repressed feeling?

      Correct answer: a feeling you do not express
      a feeling you do express
      a positive feeling

      To help you plan your 11 English lesson on: Exploring the motif of sleep in 'Macbeth', download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...