New
New
Year 9

Glacial processes

I can describe the glacial processes of erosion, transportation and deposition.

New
New
Year 9

Glacial processes

I can describe the glacial processes of erosion, transportation and deposition.

These resources will be removed by end of Summer Term 2025.

Switch to our new teaching resources now - designed by teachers and leading subject experts, and tested in classrooms.

These resources were created for remote use during the pandemic and are not designed for classroom teaching.

Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Glaciers erode the landscape by plucking and abrasion.
  2. Eroded material called moraine is moved by the glacier in a process called transportation.
  3. When the ice melts, moraine is dropped in the process of deposition.

Keywords

  • Plucking - when meltwater at a glacier's base refreezes to bedrock, loosened rocks will be torn away as the glacier moves forwards, here rocks freeze to a glacier and are pulled from the ground as it moves

  • Abrasion - where rocks carried beneath the ice scratch and sandpaper the bedrock

  • Moraine - a ridge or mound of debris deposited by a glacier

Common misconception

Glaciers are white.

Glaciers can appear dirty because they carry material.


To help you plan your year 9 geography lesson on: Glacial processes, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

There are lots of videos and animations available online to show plucking and abrasion in action.
Teacher tip

Equipment

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

Loading...

6 Questions

Q1.
What are the two main types of cold environments?
Correct answer: Polar and tundra
Rainforest and desert
Savanna and woodland
Grassland and coastal
Q2.
Which of these is a type of ice formation found in cold climates?
Correct answer: Glacier
Sand dune
Cloud
Q3.
How does ice help keep Earth's temperature stable?
It absorbs sunlight and warms Earth
It releases heat into the atmosphere
It creates more sunlight
Correct answer: It reflects sunlight, preventing too much heat from entering Earth
Q4.
What is an iceberg?
A large block of rock found in the desert
Correct answer: A large mass of freshwater ice floating in the ocean
A piece of seaweed
A mountain made of ice
Q5.
Which of these countries is known for having a cold environment with glaciers and ice?
Correct answer: Canada
Brazil
India
Egypt
Q6.
Where are most of the world's glaciers located?
Correct answer: Polar regions (Antarctica and Greenland)
The Sahara Desert
Central Asia
Near the equator

4 Questions

Q1.
Which of these statements is true?
Glaciers are white because they are made of ice.
Correct answer: Glaciers can appear dirty because they carry material.
Glacier ice is black.
Q2.
What is the process called when a glacier moves and shapes the land beneath it?
Correct answer: Erosion
Deposition
Melting
Evaporation
Q3.
Which of the following describes glacial erosion by plucking?
When the glacier pushes rocks forward
When water from the glacier evaporates
Correct answer: When the glacier pulls rocks and debris out of the ground
When the glacier deposits rocks at the end
Q4.
Which of the following describes glacial erosion by abrasion?
When the glacier melts and forms water channels
When rocks are deposited by the glacier
When a glacier moves forward due to gravity
Correct answer: When the glacier grinds and scrapes the ground with debris